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[Display omitted] • Self-O-doped Alpinia galanga stem-based carbon nanofiber succesfully synthesis. • The hierarchical porous carbon exhibit high specific surface area of 1065.58 m2/g. • The porous carbon was performed in solid-free binder form. • In 2-electrode system, supercapacitor possessed specific capacitance of 226F g−1. In this study, activated carbon with hierarchical pores and a nanofiber structure doped with oxygen was prepared using a pure biomass-based sustainable strategy involving integrated chemical impregnation and pyrolysis. Alpinia galangal stem was chosen as it functions as fast conductive network with abundant electrochemical active sites for high-grade electrode materials. The optimal precursor exhibited self-doping of oxygen ranging from 6.15 to 15.69 % with 1065.58 m2/g, which contributed to the redox reaction of the electrode material. When tested in a 2-electrode system, the porous carbon nanofibers showed a high specific capacitance of 226F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 1 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte, producing an energy density of 9.3483 Wh kg−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 89.01 %. The results showed that oxygen-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers produced from Alpinia galangal stem biomass and designed to be solid-free of binders are highly promising as high-quality electrode materials that can improve sustainable supercapacitor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile method was reported by us to sustainably obtain 3D and defective nanocarbon from waste RS residue. • The key role of bacterial played in the formation of RS residue with unque structure and composition was revealed. • The underlying pyrolysis mechanism of RS residue is explored. • The obtained bio-char was demonstrated as a promising candidate for supercapacitor. Defective carbon nanomaterials with three-dimensional (3D) structure are showing great potential for advanced electrochemical storage and conversion devices, but its application is restricted by the synthesis, which is usually involved with complicate and energy-intensive processes. Herein, pyrolysis of rice straw (RS) residue, of which is collected from the bacterial assisted hydrolysis, is proposed by us here, and the obtained bio-char is defective with 3D structure and rich in oxygen-containing functional groups. Compared to the pristine one, specific surface area of the representative RS carbon (RSC2) was increased from 428.8 to 1131.7 m2 g−1. The assembled supercapacitor with RSC2 showed a high specific capacitance of 331F g−1 at a charge–discharge current density of 0.5 A g−1, and a capacity retention of 97.6% was maintained at 5 A g−1 even after 10,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]