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Highlights • Aminolyzed PLLA microcylinders were introduced to a GelMA-based bioink for a better printing experience. • The printed microcylinder-laden bioink proved to have higher resolution than pure GelMA ink. • The pre-osteoblasts printed with the novel bioink exhibited increased viability compared to the conventional bioink. Abstract Developing bioinks for 3D bioprinting that are easy to print and highly biocompatible is essential for the growth of the tissue engineering field. Here, a gelatin methacryloyl-based (GelMA) bioink that is loaded with aminolyzed poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) microcylinders is developed. The bioink showed better printing capabilities compared to pure GelMA, which exhibited a smaller window of high quality printability. The addition of microcylinders makes the bioink more forgiving to print by increasing its minimum viscosity while keeping its structural integrity after printing. Cell viability of printed constructs was compared to non-printed constructs to see the effects of shear stress in the new bioink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The electrospinning was developed for fabrication of collagen mimetic scaffold. • With addition of LA, LA assisted formation of 3D cotton-like fibrous structure. • The physicochemical properties of the as-fabricated scaffold were evaluated. Abstract The ability to mimic the topography of aligned collagen fiber bundles (A-CFB) that form the structural basis for the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be an important step in the fabrication of engineered scaffolds. Because the cell adhesion to the surface topography involve cell adhesion localized structures, topographical features, which mimics the A-CFB of the matrix can be a significant factor for cell activities. In this study, we present a novel method for the fabrication of low-density electrospun fibers mimicking A-CFB constructs. The three dimensional (3D) cotton-like A-CFB mimetic scaffold (3D-CACMS) of a mixture of lactic acid (LA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) was prepared by multiple pins rotator electrospinning (MPRES), followed by selective leaching of LA. The results of SEM, FTIR, TGA, and DSC revealed the physicochemical properties of the as-fabricated scaffold. This 3D-CACMS attempt to mimic A-CFB and can potentially meet the requirements for practical use of biomedical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The electrospun membrane added with βCD/GA inhibits the growth of bacteria. • The content of GA determined the antibacterial activity of the electrospun membranes. • The developed membrane is expected to be used for the development of wound treatment. Licorice contains glycyrrhizic acid, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory component widely used as an ingredient for disinfection and trauma treatment since ancient times. In this study, antibacterial capsules were prepared by conjugating glycyrrhizic acid as a natural antibacterial substance with β-cyclodextrin. In addition, after mixing it with a polymer solution, it was successfully manufactured into fibers using an electrospinning technology. Through several analyzes, it was confirmed that the antibacterial capsule was well distributed within the prepared electrospinning membrane. The antibacterial test confirmed that glycyrrhizic acid encapsulated with β-cyclodextrin maintains its antibacterial properties. If such electrospun fiber containing an antibacterial capsule is manufactured, it can be applied to trauma treatment such as wound dressing due to its antibacterial effect. In addition, it can be used in various fields such as infection prevention and disease treatment by utilizing the anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of glycyrrhizic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-dispersed TiO 2 /ZrO 2 nanofibers-doped activated carbon (AC/TiZr) were successfully synthesized as an electrode for the capacitive deionization (CDI) technique via electrospinning that was followed by a hydrothermal treatment. SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS and EDX measurements were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and chemistry composition of the as-synthesized material. The electrochemical performance of the AC/TiZr nanocomposite modified electrode was measured using systematic cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. The highest specific capacitance for the AC/TiZr-based electrode is 251.3 Fg/g, which is higher than those of the AC (207.4 Fg/g) and TiO 2 /ZrO 2 NFs (0.4 Fg/g)-based electrodes, and the interior resistance was also reduced. A desalination performance enhancement was obtained in the case of the AC/TiZr and the electrosorptive is 2.96 mg g −1 . The implementation of the AC/TiZr nanocomposite provided a high potential for improving the efficiency of CDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Y-shaped vascular graft with aligned topography was successfully fabricated. • This electrospinning method is suitable for the fabrication of small-diameter tube. • Aligned fibers altered cell morphology to elongate in a preferred orientation. • This novel vascular graft is mimicked the morphology feature of the native vessel. Tissue-engineered small-diameter artificial blood vessels can provide a promising approach to substantially reduce the functional capacity and risk for vascular morbidity and mortality associated with vascular disease. Despite great achievements in this field over the last decade, the use of a small-diameter fibrous tubular scaffold with a diameter of less than 6 mm has remained elusive. To predict the success of small-diameter vascular transplantation in humans, various animal tests using microscale engineered vessels are needed. For these reasons, we developed a Y-shaped small diameter fibrous tubular graft (500 µm < Φ < 6 mm) with topographical cue using a modified electrospinning technique. Also, the effects of the grafts on human endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and proliferation were examined under a fluorescence microscope using a z-stack function. The availability of suitable small-diameter and customized structure artificial vessel with nano to microscale topography would increase the fraction of patients surgically treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Incorporation proper amount of SIM and β-TCP particles into the FCN mat improved the biomineralization process. • Kopcha model used to study kinetics of the drug release. • The FCN mat improved the osteoblast cell proliferation and adhesion. Abstract The aim of this study is to develop a novel functional composite nanofiber (FCN) loaded beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and simvastatin (SIM) FCN mat for bone tissue regeneration. The advantage of electrospinning technique was considered for the uniform distribution of β-TCP and SIM drug. In vitro drug release study performed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) showed the controlled and sustained release of SIM, and the Kopcha model was used to investigate the drug release mechanism. The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Assessment of the in vitro bioactivity of the nanofibers was carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF). FE-SEM and EDS analysis confirmed the formation of an apatite-like layer. Moreover, in vitr o studies revealed that the FCN mat displayed better cell proliferation and adhesion than merely control fiber. This suggests versatile applications of the fabricated FCN mat for control drug delivery and bone tissue regeneration application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • RH affects the generation of the 3D cotton-like piezoelectric electrospun scaffold. • When RH was increased to critical point, repulsion of spinning-jet was raised. • Raised repulsion helped the fibers to electrospin in the form of fluffy construct. Abstract Three-dimensional (3D), highly porous, and low-density fibrous scaffolds have attracted significant interest in recent years for applications in tissue engineering. However, the fabrication of 3D fluffy fibrous piezoelectric scaffolds remains a challenge. In this study, we report the dramatic effect that relative humidity (RH) has on the deposition of 3D cotton-like constructs composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric nanofibers mixed with Barium Titanate (BT) and multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The 30 mm diameter deposits were fabricated under variable humidity conditions while all other parameters were kept constant. Two types of fibrous architecture, 3D fluffy and two-dimensional (2D) membrane types, are recognized, as the RH during electrospinning varies. A fiber morphology transition takes place at certain RH, and the 3D cotton-like nanofibrous structure has been optimized above 90% RH. The fabrication of the 3D cotton-like fibrous piezoelectric scaffold may provide new insights for various applications in tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Ti-23Nb-1Ta-2Hf-O shows gum-metal-like superproperties. • Nanodomain, giant fault, and ω phase transformation were observed. • Three magic numbers were not sufficient to obtain superproperties. • Equivalent β-stabilizer content should be considered to design gum metal. Abstract The conditions needed to design gum metal were reconsidered based on the equivalent β stabilizer content required to obtain compositional/microstructural variability in a Ti-24(Nb + Ta + V)-(Zr, Hf)-O system. It was found that 90% cold-worked Ti-23Nb-1Ta-2Hf-O alloy exhibits gum-metal-like superproperties such as ultrahigh strength, ultralow elastic modulus, superelasticity, superplasticity, and Elinvar behavior. These multi-functions can be achieved even with the deformation-induced ω phase if nanodomains and giant faults exist. This suggests that not only the three electronic magic numbers, but also the equivalent β stabilizer content should be considered to attain the superproperties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we present a novel strategy to fabricate high porous fluffy type Poly ( L -lactide) (PLA) nanofibrous scaffold for tissue regeneration. Low-density nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning the blend of PLA and lactic acid (LA), followed by selective leaching of LA. Digital images, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images, Infra-red (IR) spectra, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves revealed the formation of the low density biomimetic nanofibrous mesh. In vitro cell compatibility results indicated that as-fabricated PLA nanofibrous scaffold enhanced the cell proliferation and growth compared to the corresponding two-dimensional nanofibrous scaffold. Furthermore, confocal microscopy images showed that cells seeded on the fluffy type nanofibrous mesh infiltrated throughout the depth of the scaffold, compared to no penetrating growth for the two-dimensional scaffold. The fabrication of such fascinating materials may provide new insights into the design and development of the low density nanofibrous scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the fabrication of a novel bilayer scaffold as a barrier membrane via modified-solvent casting and evaporation technique for the regeneration of bone defects. The blended solution of polycaprolactone (PCL) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was treated with hydrochloric acid (HCL), which resulted in the in situ formation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water. This led to the phase separation between the PCL and calcium-based compounds and subsequently to the formation of a bilayer membrane. Surface morphology, surface wettability, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the formation of a bilayered construct with a PCL-rich thin layer on the upper surface and a calcium-rich porous layer on the lower surface. From the FE-SEM images, the PC30 membrane showed a smooth upper layer with pores less than 10 µm diameter, whereas the lower layer contained many interconnected larger pores up to 1000 µm diameter in addition to the visibly identified macrovoids. The cell adhesion assay showed that both surfaces of the membrane responded well to the cells. In addition, the upper surface prevented the down-growth of the fibroblasts. The initial results suggest a new strategy for the fabrication of the bilayer membrane for regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third-generation biomaterials aim to stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level, these materials characterized with a resorbable and bioactivity that help body heal once they have been implanted. Here, a biomimetic method was used to generate hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoplates on the surface of AZ31B Mg alloy via anodization in simulated body fluid (SBF), followed by a hydrothermal (HT) process. The resulting nanoplates were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, and FT-IR, surface hydrophobicity, in addition, corrosion was assessed electrochemically. The excellent bioactivity of the treated samples compared with naked ones were confirmed in vitro with MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with significant growth and proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]