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In the present study we report synthesis of Mn-doped SnO nano sheets and nano cubes via facile hydrothermal technique with controlled morphology. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and alternating gradient magnetometer techniques were used to investigate the physiochemical characterizations. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy results exhibited the rectangular shape of the sheets with diagonal length of 1-2µm which were found in the form of bundles, the average size of nano-hexagonal plate and the average size of the quadrilateral face of three dimensional nano-cube were about 100nm. Experimental results confirmed that the different chemical bases exhibit a strong influence on morphology of the resulting product and doping concentration had effect on the size of nano-cubes. Furthermore, room temperature ferromagnetism increases monotonically for Mn doping and reaches maximum saturation magnetization emu/g for 3% Mn-doped SnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: SnO ultrathin nanosheets with a highly pure crystal phase were successfully prepared via a simple and effective hydrothermal process, using tin dichloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O) as a stannous source in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). SEM and TEM images showed that the obtained SnO products are uniform and ultrathin nanosheets. The electrochemical properties results indicated that the obtained SnO nanosheets exhibited excellent discharge capacity, the reversible capacity was 559mAhg−1 after 20 cycles, and the SnO nanosheets retain high capacity even at high discharge current densities. The enhanced performance was attributed to the unique structure of ultrathin SnO nanosheets and highly pure crystal phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Well controlled novel architectures of stannous oxide (SnO) with three-dimensional (3D) flowerlike microstructures have been successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution system by using SnCl2 2H2O and NaOH as raw materials. SnO microstructures were found to be strongly depended on temperatures of reaction system. From microstructural analysis, SnO flowerlike structures synthesized at 40°C are self-assembled by four nanosheet-arrays with cross growth from center toward the edges. While SnO flowerlike structures obtained at 70°C are built by plenty of individual nanosheets with acute edge, and each nanosheet consists of many closely attached nanograins. In UV–vis absorption spectra, SnO flowerlike structures present a broad and weak signal centered at 400nm suggesting a potential application at visible light. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Amorphous SnO nanotubes were synthesized from Sn nanowires (NWs) electrodeposited into anodic aluminum oxide templates by a localized corrosion process in an aqueous solution composed of chromic, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acids. Initially, phosphoric acid dissolves the template, while chromic acid generates a SnO passivation layer on the NW surface. As a volume expansion occurs during the surface oxidation, some cracks occur at the top surface of the passivation layer. In addition, Cl ions from the hydrochloric acid assist the cracking. Subsequently, Sn atoms in the core of the NW dissolve into the acidic solution while the oxide layer at the shell remains to form nanotubes. Finally, Sn NWs with a length of 10μm and diameter of 30nm are completely transformed to amorphous SnO nanotubes with a wall thickness of 10nm. After heat-treatment, the amorphous nanotubes were crystallized into polycrystalline SnO phase with a rough surface morphology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three dimensional self-assembled clinopinacoid type architectures of stannous oxide (SnO) with a controllable morphology were successfully synthesized via template-free hydrothermal growth method by using SnCl2·2H2O, NH3, and H2O as precursors. The structural, chemical, and physical characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman microspectroscopy. FESEM results exhibited the distinct clinopinacoid morphology with the apparent size of 10~14μm. The XRD results indicated that the clinopinacoid-like structure is comprised of the tetragonal phase SnO with the average crystal size of about 27nm. Two Raman modes at A1g =210cm−1 and B1g =114cm−1 had further testified the existence of the nano tetragonal phase SnO. The study on hydrogen absorption characteristics of the SnO clinopinacoid-type structure, performed at 373K, revealed the absorption capacity of about 0.96wt.%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, stannous oxide (SnO) nano flowers self-assembled with nano petals have been successfully synthesized with template-free hydrothermal growth method by using SnCl2.2H2O and KOH as raw materials. The crystalline phase, morphology, particle sizes and component of the as-prepared materials were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). FESEM results had showed that the flower like SnO structure was in the range of 4–7μm. The average crystalline size of the tetragonal phase SnO nano-particles was calculated about 22nm from the full-width at half-maximum of XRD. Furthermore, Ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–vis–NIR) spectrophotometry was used to determine the transmittance behavior of SnO nano structures. Direct optical band gap of 3.13eV was acquired by Davis–Mott model. Moreover, photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum of SnO nano-petals at room temperature exhibited a very prominent violet emission at 398nm that corresponds to direct band emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Spray pyrolysis is one of the most cost-effective methods to prepare SnO2 films due to its ability to deposit large uniform area, low fabrication cost, simplicity and low deposition temperature. Conventionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are routinely used to investigate microstructure and crystal structure of the SnO2 films. In the present study, the SnO2 films were deposited by spray pyrolysis at 300, 400 and 500°C and the microstructure of the 500°C film was further examined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). It was found that large grain-size vertically-aligned columnar SnO2 grains were formed after a few layers of small grain-size randomly oriented SnO2 grains. Moreover, CBED showed the presence of SnO nanodefects that had not been reported before and could not be detected by SEM or XRD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Tin oxide (SnO) powders were obtained by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis technique using SnCl2·2H2O as a precursor. By changing the hydrothermal processing time, temperature, the type of mineralizing agent (NaOH, KOH or NH4OH) and its concentration, SnO crystals having different sizes and morphologies could be achieved. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (X-ray), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The results showed that plate-like form is the characteristic morphology of growth and the TEM analyses indicate the growth direction as (200). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2-D) nanomaterials have attracted remarkable interest in recent years. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2-D ultrathin nanosheets of SnO via a simple solvothermal method by using SnCl2·2H2O and NH3·H2O as reactants and ethanol as solvent. The as-prepared sample was characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and high resolution TEM (HRTM), respectively. Results indicate that that the as-synthesized ultrathin SnO nanosheets are well crystalline in nature and about 4nm in thickness. N2 absorption–desorption measurement showed that the specific surface area of the ultrathin SnO nanosheets is 35.7m2/g. The band gap energy of the ultrathin SnO nanosheets is estimated to be 3.62eV, which is blue shifted to its bulk counterpart due to the quantum effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Novel SnO nano-diskettes with high uniformity, homogeneity and purity were synthesized on SiN x /Si substrates by a thermal vapor deposition process without catalysts and vacuum equipment. The noticeable high quality can be attributed to the atmospheric pressure evaporation condition. The SnO nano-diskettes were characterized by SEM, XRD, and TEM and it confirmed that the products are extremely pure with no metal Sn or other phases such as SnO2, Sn2O3, and Sn3O4. The growth mechanism of the novel SnO nano-diskettes was discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Branched nanostructures of SnO with a single crystalline tetragonal structure in the <110> longitudinal direction were vertically grown on silicon substrates using a low-temperature vapor transport process. The growth mechanism of SnO nanobranches was revealed as a multi-step process of V–L–S(vapor–liquid–solid) growth; initial condensation and coalescence of Sn vapors on the substrate formed a SnO buffer layer and was followed by the self-catalytic V–L–S growth of SnO nanotrunks. Secondly, additional condensation of Sn vapors on the (110) surface of the nanotrunk led to epitaxial growth of nanobranches in the <110> direction by the same self-catalytic V–L–S process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• In spite of metal–organic frameworks, proton conduction is possible in metal oxides. • Detailed view of water and aqua–ammonia as proton conducting media. • Resistance based analysis of tin (II) oxide under the proton conducting media. • The performance of fabricated SnO micro sheets based film is excellent under water and aqua–ammonia atmospheres. The analysis of proton conductivity in materials have great significance in humidity and ammonia sensors. In this manuscript, we emphasized on the ionization, adsorption, desorption and migration process of the conducting media in metal–oxide framework to propose the effective water and ammonia detection. In metal–oxide framework, tin (II) oxide (SnO) is used as a proton conducting material. The micro sheets of SnO were synthesized by hydrothermal alkaline solution technique at pH 12 and temperature (95 °C). The film of SnO micro sheets was fabricated over the interdigitated electrodes and investigated under the different proton conducting media. Both water and ammonia form acid base system which is helpful in proton transfer. Herein, the synthesized material was characterized by powder X–ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for the phase and morphology. This work underlines that the SnO micro sheets behave as a good proton conducting material in metal–oxide framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]