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1. The structure of the metal and the design of the fractured bellows (with the exception of the parameters D, L, a and t, which changed during service) satisfy the requirements of the normalization and technical documents. 2. The main reason for failure of the bellows is its long-term service, almost four times higher than the design life. 3. Failure is also caused by the presence on the surface of the bellows of technological roughness acting as regions of microcrack nucleations. 4. To increase the efficiency of bellows, it is efficient to produce them from pipes/blanks with an electrochemically polished surface. 5. The detected 'ΔHV-running life' dependence can be used to evaluate approximately the number of operating cycles of failed bellows and also their permissible service life. 6. The design life of the bellows of the 44.5−15−0.18×2 type under this loading system may be increased from 3000 to 5000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]