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Iron oxide (Fe880O) nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesised via a chemical reaction by mixing hot red pepper with waste rust iron extract at 300°C for 1.5 hours to study the resulting antibacterial activity. The structural and optical properties of the NPs were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of the IONPs was examined in comparison with that of gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and gram-negative; and Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. Additionally, this information was used to investigate the accumulation of spent iron extract from the environment, its conversion into an efficient basic material to synthesise Fe880O NPs, and their utility for medical treatments. The results yielded important information regarding the properties of IONPs (e.g. crystallite size, particle size, energy band gap, and absorption band strength) and their inhibition on both bacterial strains. Finally, this research will pave a new path for exploring how to utilise rust iron and transform it from harmful to beneficial material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesised by combining the extracts of new plants (trigonella and tomato) with ferric chloride salt (FeCl3) via a simple chemical method at 200°C for 2 hours. The biomolecules in the extracts play an important part in transforming FeCl3 to FeO NPs, which demonstrate antibacterial properties. IONPs were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD revealed a crystallite size of 17 nm with a body centre cubic (BCC) structure (wüstite) phase for FeO NPs made using trigonella extract. FeO NPs synthesised using tomato extract were 41 nm, and the diffraction peaks revealed a BCC structure phase with excellent crystal quality. FE-SEM images demonstrated that the average grain size of Fe2O3 without using any plant extract was approximately 31.36 to 125.5 nm, while for the FeO NPs using tomato extract, it was approximately 48.18 to 77.54 nm, and for trigonella extract, 27.91 to 40.94 nm. In the FT-IR spectra of IONPs with and without plant extract, a strong peak appeared at 699 cm−1 for FeO NPs using trigonella extract and 655 cm−1 using tomato extract. Antibacterial activity of IONPs was determined by growth inhibition zones of the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiellapneumonia and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The growth inhibition zones for FeO NPs using trigonella extract were 42 and 47 mm, respectively. The zones for FeO NPs using tomato extract were smaller (30 mm and 35 mm, respectively). These NPs may be effective in healing infections caused by these bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the hydrothermal synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Mint extract agent. A mixture of 0.1 M copper nitrate and a mint extract was hydrothermally treated at a temperature of 180 °C for two hours. Meanwhile, the Mint leaf extract had reduced the copper ions of the nanoparticles after five minutes, resulting in dark-green precipitation. The structural and optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles showed a simple cubic structure with a crystallite size range of 22 nm ‒ 25 nm. According to the UV-Vis spectrum, an absorption peak was observed at 346 nm. The antibacterial activity was checked against Escherichia coli (E-coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B-subtilis) cultures by which the inhibition zones were found to be 35 mm and 38 mm, respectively. It is concluded that the CuO NPs have a good ability to resist microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]