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The entire universe is faced with the two important crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The decrement in crude oil reserves and environmental concerns have led to find an alternative fuels from various bio-origin sources. Calophyllum Inophyllum and Algae have performance will give much attention recently due to their high growing rates and more oil contents. The aim of the current investigation is to find the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine using algae oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum oil as an alternate fuel. Bio-diesel was prepared from algae oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum oil by transesterification process. The high viscosity of Calophyllum Inophyllum oil and Algae oil was compensated by mixing with diesel fuel. Calophyllum Inophyllum Methyl Ester (CIME) and Micro Algae Methyl Ester (MAME) biodiesel and Di-Ethyl Ether (DEE) was blended with diesel fuel with the volumetric ratio of 20%, 40%, 60% were tested. Fuel properties of different blends were found out and the performance characteristics and exhaust emission of the engine fueled with blends were analyzed. The test reveals that CIME and MAME with ignition improver blends are Produce high brake thermal efficiency, low BSFC and lesser emissions than conventional fuel. The CIME and MAME have good combustion and emission performance compare with diesel fuel. Among these blends B40 fuel results CO and NOx emission values and the performance values of the engine were improved.

This paper aims to reduce the air pollution in diesel engine by various blending Biodiesel. The algae blooms collected from the lake and pond. The algae oil products extract from the algae bloom by an extraction process, then the algae oil mixed with the diesel at the range of B5, B15, B25. Blending oil performance is compared with the diesel aid of VCR engine. The mechanical efficiency and thermal efficiency analyzed on Biodiesel using engine setup. The emission characteristics like CO emission and CO2 emission of Biodiesel investigated in the VCR engine at various testing conditions. Based on the results can able to justify the blended Biodiesel can reduce the environmental pollution and also provide better efficiency compared with the diesel product.

The demand for energy is growing tremendously due to the modernization in every aspect of life, hence in order to meet the demands without any lag in the growth and development of the world, an alternative source of energy needs to be found. The best alternative would be biofuels which are extracted from organic compounds. Out of many different organic sources available, algae are one among them, which can be used to extract biofuel. Algae are aquatic organisms which are found in all types of water bodies. Also, algae are plentily available and can be easily cultivated, to be considered as one of the potential raw material for production of biodiesel in large scale. In this present research, an experimental setup was fabricated to produce the algae oil. The algae species used for this investigation was Spirogyra sp. Solvent extraction method was used to produce algae oil. The Soxhlet apparatus was used to carry out the solvent extraction process. The solvent type used for the present study was n-hexane, which is an organic non-polar solvent suitable for extracting lipid content from the biomass. From the experiment, it was found that the oil extraction from 100% dried algae and finer size of algae resulted in higher percentage of oil extraction. For algae of mass 50 g, the oil yielded was around 83% for solid to solvent ratio of 1:5, particle size of 0.322 μm, and reaction time was of 3 h. Also, the oil extracted from the algae is characterized to identify its suitability for using it as an alternative fuel in the IC engines. The characterization revealed that, the physiochemical properties were in permissible range in comparison with the standard diesel.

The biodiesel as a substitute to fossil fuel is able to reduce the dependence on petroleum products as well as increase the engine performance. These biofuel produced from the different sources and also it is directly used for the engine it will not fully burn and it produces increased exhaust emission level. In this research, 20% of neochloris oleoabundans algae oil (B20) blended with neat diesel fuel along with cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle was used in the dosage of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The experimental outcomes obtained indicated that the brake thermal efficiency had been improved and also the exhaust engine emission was decreased. And also the brake specific fuel consumption had been decreased. This research was performed in a single cylinder air cooled engine connected with electrical dynamometer without having engine alteration and also the injection pressure and timings are maintained at the original standard suitable for the engine. The energy of cerium oxide blend with the biodiesel increased the performance of the diesel engines.

Recently, suppliers have been completely investing in making an alternative fuel to exchange the exhausting fossil oil products which release more exhaust. The aim of this research study is to decide the accessibility of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. In the current study, microalgae such as Diatom navicula sphaerophora green algae are used as the source for biodiesel production. The Diatom navicula sp. algae is a harvested biomass and its rate of growth doubles in one day. The Diatom navicula sp. algae can be selected for the biodiesel production. The chemical as well as physical properties of NAME [Naviculla algae methyl ester] blends with La2O3 nano additives are determined and compared to fulfill the ASTM standards. In this work, blends of B20 with La2O3 as the additive with different proportions have been used as fuel. The research was carried out on a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine, keeping a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Four blends are prepared by biodiesel as B20 along with three blends of diesel–biodiesel- La2O3 using 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations of La2O3. The final results showed that B20 with La2O3 additives is a best alternative fuel for the diesel engine to increase performance and reduce engine exhaust pollution levels.

Standard diesel fuels have developed the application in several domains like agriculture, transportation as well as commercial sectors performing due to its reduced specific fuel consumption and hydrocarbon emissions. In the present research, the biodiesel from Naviculla Sp. algae oil was prepared by transesterification process, and essential material and chemical properties were measured. The performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder Diesel engine fueled with Naviculla Sp. algae oil methyl ester and its diesel blends with MgO nano additives of B20, B20 + 25 ppm, B20 + 50 ppm B20 + 100 ppm on a volume basis were evaluated with the variation of load and compression ratio. The chemical as well as physical properties of NAME [Naviculla algae methyl ester] blends with MgO nano additives are determined and compared to fulfill the ASTM standards. The empirical outcomes expose that the use of biodiesel with nano-additives in compression ignition engine has revealed the improve in engine performance and reduction in exhaust emissions.

An experimental research is performed to determine the performance, combustion as well as emission qualities of a variable compression engine at constant speed using Copper Oxide nanoparticles as being fuel-borne additives in diesel–biodiesel blend. In this research, the effects of adding CuO2 nanoparticles to neochloris oleoabundans methyl ester-diesel blended (B20) fuel on compression-ignition engine had been experimentally investigated. The B20 with 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm dosage of CuO2 nanoparticles were examined at various engine loads and constant engine speed. The fuel blends were labelled as B20, B20 + 25 ppm, B20 + 50 ppm, B20 + 75 ppm and B20 + 100 ppm. Moreover, even without the any engine alterations, the combustion properties of those fuel blend samples were investigated through the experimentally measured standards like viscosity, density, cloud point, calorific value and pour point while the engine combustion has also been examined through the factors like cylinder pressure, net heat release as well as rate of pressure rise. The experimental outcomes show that the use of biodiesel blend along with CuO2 nano particles in diesel fuelled engine has revealed better combustion than B20 fuel.

The economic crisis, connected to increased demand for fuels and rising environmental issues, has led to the search for alternative fuels. Also, the launch of equipment and cultivation machinery is highly competitive in terms of cost, arousing the interest of the farmers. However, due to its recent market introduction, the reliability requirements for this equipment still do not apply. In this context, the purpose of this study was to obtain its performance curves from an agricultural tractor of the brand, using as fuel mixtures diesel oil and S. marginatum algae biodiesel, in the proportions B20, B50 and B100, the power take-off dynamometer test (TDP). The results showed that the tractor showed compatible motor performance with other models of the same used in the region, showing the best motor output in the region.

In this particular research, friction as well as wear behavior for the working surfaces in contact had been carried out to examine their tendency during the use of an alternate lubrication into the mineral oil. The Chlorella sp. microalgae oil has a possible of a substitute for the mineral oil 5W-30 as well as they may be generally obtainable in considerable quantity. The test had been carried out on a pin on disc tribometer using various conditions. The modified Chlorella sp. microalgae oil combined with the mineral oil in various ratios for additional testing. According to the research carried out 10% and 20% concentration for the altered bio-oil revealed an important enhancement in terms of lowering wear rate coefficient of friction mean wear scar diameter as well as better the worn surface morphology with compare to the 5W-30 mineral oil. The optimum rise within the response parameters had been acquired with relative for their tribological analysis when the concentration for the modified Chlorella sp. algae oil improves beyond 15% and reaches 20%. Effectively, the performance of (5W-30) A10, (5W-30) A15 and (5W-30) A20 samples has a significantly better possible effect throughout the tribological analysis being a lubricant with regards to the ecological issue as well as eco-friendly.

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatum macroalgae biodiesel diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition.

Single injection techniques and diesel/biodiesel blends study showed promising outcomes of improving the relationship between nitrogen oxides and particulates in diesel engines, and therefore their impacts are not entirely accepted. In this context, this paper dealt with the characterization of the impact of single injection strategies and biodiesel on polluting emissions, the performance, and behavior of the injection system. An engine test operation was carried out to achieve this, and an injection simulation model was developed. Low load motor testing with a pilot injection decreased NOx emissions and PM emissions compared to simple injection, as long as the precise modification of the injection parameters is made in advance. The decrease explains this simultaneous reduction in the premixed combustion process and the volume of fuel injected during the main injection by using the pilot injection.

The biodiesel as a replacement source to fossil fuel is able to minimize the dependence on petroleum products as well as control the pollution issues. These biofuel produced from the different sources and also it is directly used for the engine it will not fully burn and it produces increased exhaust emission level. In this research, 20% of neochloris oleoabundans algae oil (B20) blended with neat diesel fuel along with cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle was used in the dosage of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. This research was performed in a single cylinder air cooled engine connected with electrical dynamometer without having engine alteration and also the injection pressure and timings are maintained at the original standard suitable for the engine. The energy of cerium oxide blend with the biodiesel increased the combustion properties in the engine, and results in decreased carbon deposits in the cylinder wall.

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatum macroalgae biodiesel diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition.

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatum biodiesel (SMME) diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition. A significant decrease in fumes pollutants (excluding NOx) have been found at high load, as much as 20% blending of SMME in diesel. The 20%blending of SMME is often utilized in an engine to achieve greater thermal performance with a penalty of increased NOx emissions.

One type of motor vehicle engine that is very suitable for transportation and heavy equipment vehicles is a diesel engine, because high combustion efficiency, reliability, fuel flexibility, and low fuel consumption make diesel widely used in several countries. A mixture of S. Marginatum algae biodiesel and bio solar fuel is used as an alternative fuel. This test is carried out by using variations in the percentage of the load, with variations of pure diesel fuel (D100) and a mixture of bio solar fuels, and algae biodiesel at t 1500 rpm. In this context, the purpose of this study was to obtain its performance curves from a diesel engine of the brand, using as fuel mixtures diesel oil, bio solar fuel, and S. Marginatum algae biodiesel, in the proportions B20, B20 + 10%, B20 + 15%, and B20 + 20%, the power take-off dynamometer test. The results showed that engine performance of equivalence ratio an increase with other models of the same used in the region, showing the best engine output in the region bio solar fuel mixtures with the Hot EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system.

World at giving is stood around the twin problems of fossil oil product intake and normal degradation. The purpose of this research is actually to examine the behaviour of C. racemosa algae oil biodiesel within a diesel engine. Biodiesel is an unparalleled earth-friendly source meant to extend the worth to fossil fuels, and also the durability and cleanliness of diesel-powered engines. C. racemosa algae may be used to make biodiesel, only because of high oil content. The transesterification of the oil produces biodiesel. The abundant benefits of biodiesel tend to get over by few disadvantages like the increase in the nitrogen oxide, its incompatibility at cold temperature conditions, and also the regular periods of engine parts replacement. Generally, there is additional scope for the improvement in fuel properties and also to overcome the disadvantages by the addition of nanoparticles as fuel additives. In the current study, the Bi2O3 nano additives inside algae oil-based methyl ester blend as well as its diesel blends are examined the performance and emission characteristics at various loads.

The present study examines the tribological characteristics of biodiesel by using a four-ball tribometer. This research focuses on the friction and wear characteristics of Navicula sp. algae biodiesel with La2O3 at varying concentrations. Biodiesel has been evaluated for blended fuels such as B20, B20 + La2O3 (50 ppm), and B20 + La2O3 (100 ppm). The test was conducted at a constant speed of 1200 rpm and 75 °C at an average load of 40 kg per 1 h. The experimental results indicate that La2O3 added nanoparticles to Naviculla Sp. algae methyl ester show significant friction reduction. It was found that B20 + La2O3 (100 ppm) decreased the wear scar diameter up to 36.9% Compared to B20. The wear rates of the balls were tested by scanning electron microscope.

In experimental research studies, the emission qualities of a direct injection diesel engine powered by neochloris oleoabundans methyl ester and its blends with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a fuel additive are examined. Neochloris oleoabundans methyl ester is made from the transesterification process of untreated neochloris oleoabundans algae oil. By dispersing the catalyst of ZnO nanoparticles using the ultrasonic process, the fuel is customised. Different diesel-biodiesel-ZnO blends were prepared by varying the biodiesel engine in order to evaluate its combustion properties on a single cylinder, CI engine as well as nanoparticle proportions of 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles. The final outcomes revealed that together with 100 ppm ZnO nano additive, the acceptable nano blend that results in better engine efficiency is B20. Thermal efficiency is improved at this rate and all CO and HC emissions are released.

In this work, the biodiesel has been extracted from an algae species called Botryococcus braunii. In this article, a biodiesel blend of B20 (80% diesel and 20% biodiesel) with additive in different extents was prepared. The different test fuels were prepared and tested in a four-stroke single-cylinder Diesel engine. The obtained experimental outcomes indicated that brake thermal efficiency had been improved.

The energy crisis is due to two reasons: one is the rapid growth of the global human population, and the other is the transformation of the residing human style. Traditional fuel is also a major component of adding pollutants to the environment. Changes in fuel consumption play a major role in increasing engine efficiency and reducing emissions. In the current research, fuel changes in the diesel engine were developed. The single-cylinder diesel engine was initially equipped with Botryococcus braunii algae oil methyl ester and its diesel blends with CuO2 nano additives B20, B20 + 25 ppm, B20 + 50 ppm, B20 + 75 ppm, B20 + 100 ppm at different loads at steady engine speed. From the experimental analysis, it has been shown that B20 is the more efficient fuel ratio than other blends. The results showed a significant reduction in CO, HC and smoke emissions. The current analysis shows that BBAME's biodiesel with CuO2 nano additives is best suited as an alternative diesel engine fuel.

Algal oil was obtained from microalgae chlorella vulgaris. The microalgae was cultivated in open pond system. Upon harvesting, the biomass was centrifuged and dried. The algal oil was obtained by a solvent extraction method using n-hexane as solvent. By this method 28% of algal oil is obtained from dry algae biomass. Transesterification process is carried out to produce algae biodiesel by adding potassium hydroxide and methanol. The biodiesel yield obtained is 85%. The testing of algae oil and algae biodiesel is carried out to know the calorific value, density and kinematic viscosity. Performance and combustion parameters were analyzed on a Kirloskar single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine. The compression ratio is 17.5. It develops 5.2 kW brake power at rated speed of 1500 rpm with diesel as fuel. The engine is initially run on diesel fuel to generate baseline data and after that it is run on straight algae oil and algae biodiesel. Similar loading conditions are used for all the fuels. The Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, Brake Specific Energy Consumption, Brake Thermal Efficiency, Smoke Opacity, CO, HC, and NOx were studied. The trials conducted on diesel engine with algae oil and algae biodiesel show that results are comparable to diesel fuel.