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Roll confinement is that the most fundamental piece of an ATV and it resembles 3-dimensional insurance gave to the driving force which may be a significant fit as a fiddle of the overall vehicle. it's the move confine which bears the heaviness of the considerable number of frameworks like force landscape, suspension, guiding, and breaking. The move confine planned here is as per SAE BAJA 2018 rulebook. A move confine may be a skeleton of an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV). Planning motivation behind this electrical ATV is to supply a rough terrain vehicle that would help in transportation in uneven territories, cultivating a field, military, and fringe safeguard forces (while ascending mountains for assaulting and combat zone to maneuver quickly. to realize this task, different plan parts of an electrical ATV vehicle were dissected, and certain components were picked for explicit core interest. There are numerous aspects to a rough terrain vehicle, for instance , the undercarriage, suspension, guiding, drive-train, the transmission of intensity, strong state batteries, and braking systems, all of which require exhaustive plan focus. the needs of the vehicle I chose to explicitly consider were the undercarriage and body encircling which includes directing and suspension angles for planning. Most time and exertion went into structuring and executing these parts through FEA recreation and checking the stableness and productivity of the ATV [1] . The cycle of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is expensive and tedious even as mimicking the difficult assertion is superfluously monotonous at an underlying plan stage. Hence, it's consistently beneficial to try to to broad exploration on the elemental necessities of the move confine plan. to grasp the progressions that ought to be consolidated within the plan, play out the static pressure examination first. this may offer an oversimplified reenactment rule of the difficult assertion and requires a lower computational time, and afterward unique examination to approve the wellbeing of the elemental plan.

Nowadays composites sandwich panels are used extensively in aircraft flooring due to their high strength to weight ratio, smooth exterior, high load carrying capacity and corrosion resistance. The objective of this work is to examine the feasibility of employing alternative composites material made of natural fibres as the flooring material for aircraft. A literature survey has been carried out to understand the application of composites sandwich panel in aircraft flooring, centering on the light business jet aircraft. Particularly, among all-natural fibres, bamboo has been widely used for structural purposes due to its lightness and strength. In order to get the first-hand experience, an experimental work on Bamboo-EPS-Bamboo and glass fibres sandwich panel is carried out by using Universal Testing Machine of 50KN load capacity subjected to American test standards. The experimental part includes four different materials constructions and these materials are subjected to various types of loads like tensile load, flexural load and compressive load, from which the tensile strength, flexural strength and compressive strength are determined. The feasibilities of employing bamboo sandwich panel as aircraft flooring material is analysed by comparing its results with glass fibres sandwich panel.

The onset of technological advancements has resulted in the need for lightweight materials with superior properties for applications in critical areas such as aerospace and defence sectors, instigating the development of fibre metal laminates (FML). This paper focuses on the evaluation of tensile properties of the 5 layered glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) – aluminium metal sheet (Al) laminate, fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer method (VARTM) fitted with spiral tube throughout the periphery of the laminated prepreg. The flexural and tensile properties of the manufactured composite were compared with theoretical values obtained from the FEA simulation of CAD models. The GF- Al composite manufactured by VARTM exhibited excellent properties in agreement with theoretical values that can be apparently attributed to the reduction of void formation in the composite as result of introduction of spirals throughout the length of the glass fibre – aluminium laminated composite.

In future, advanced propulsion system integrated with different features like reusable single stage to orbit (SSTO) and rocket engines, light weight and high performance propulsion system from low altitude to high altitude were essential. Aerospike nozzles with different possible surface contoured nozzles were used for propulsion system in space vehicle. Complex flow field develops on nozzles, the potential thrust and structural gains are interested parameters to the propulsive flow adapt in the external stream. The commercial software Ansys-Fluent 6.3.26 was used for the numerical simulation with Mach number of 3. Ideal state analysis with implicit formulation is carried out. Mass, Momentum and energy equations with Spalart -Almaras turbulence model were solved. In this project a study on different types of aero spike nozzles and characteristics of its flow field were analyzed. Numerical analysis carried out for flow characteristic of typical aero spike nozzle, comparison on full spike and truncated spike with 50% modification of spike length configuration for different pressure ratios. The flow characteristics such as shock waves and wake formation were discussed with contour plots. Numerical simulation found that modification of Aerospikes nozzle increases the flow velocity and optimize expansion waves.

Wind turbines are becoming an increasingly popular solution to generate clean and sustainable energy. The wind turbines are designed to generate power at a rated wind velocity. When the wind turbines are exposed to higher wind velocities such as storm or hurricane, the wind turbine rotor rotates at an extreme speed that damages the wind turbine blade and affects the structural stability of the entire system. The various mechanical braking system and Aerodynamic braking systems are presently used to control the over speeding of the wind turbine at extreme wind velocity. In this newer approach, it is attempted to control the over speeding of the wind turbine aerodynamically by providing the chord wise slot (opening). The turbine blade with chord wise slot alters the pressure distribution over the turbine blade that brings down the rotational speed of the wind turbine within the allowable limit. In this approach, the over speeding of the wind turbine rotor is effectively controlled without affecting the power generation. In this paper the different parameters of the chord wise slot such as position and length of the slot, impact on power generation are analysed and the slot parameters are experimentally and computationally optimized.

Given studies have carried to produce lightweight metal matrix composites (MMC) which have good mechanical and thermal properties. An alloy of Mg/Al has considered as the most commonly used alloy in the transport, Electronics and Sports industry for the production of lightweight elements. Mg/Al alloys improve mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics and reduce the production cost as compared to pure metal. Mechanical and thermal properties like creep and fatigue properties, damping, stiffness and specific strength significantly improved due to the addition of reinforcement materials into the metal matrix compared with the traditional engineering materials. SiC, Al2O3, and CNTs are commonly used reinforcement material for Mg/Al metal matrix composites. CNTs have thermal conductivity (6000 w/mK), high strength (100 GPa) and low mass density (1.3–1.4 g/cm3). CNTs are the most suitable reinforcement for preparation of the lightweight metal matrix.

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) is a member of advanced materials in which the constituents or structure are gradually changed over a volume and the spatial position of the structure determines the material properties. Polymer composites fail under extreme working conditions mainly through delamination. An example would be a laminated composite made of two distinctive metals having different thermal expansion coefficient. To overcome these problems, FGMs are employed. The present work is aimed at synthesizing an FGM which has varying density along its width using additive manufacturing technology. After manufacturing the FGM, the same is then observed for its microstructure and tested for tensile, bending and compressive loads. A comparison is drawn with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material having same density throughout. It is observed from the results that, there is a 38.9% reduction in weight of the material in respect of 13.875% reduction in the tensile strength, 25.6% with respect to bending and about 31.545% reduction in strength with respect to compression loading condition. Therefore, in applications where weight considerations are critical, the synthesized FGM can be a good substitute

In recent times, there has been a growth in use of Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (RPM) in various industries globally. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) used with coated metallic powders has been of special interest as it has widespread application for direct manufacturing especially in the Automotive, Aerospace and Injection Molding industries. This study aims at analyzing the mechanical properties of the fabricated samples at the various stages of a commercial SLS process developed by 3D Systems. Further, a few samples have been coated with a mixture of SiC and Al2O3 using HVOF coating process to improve the mechanical properties and surface properties of the samples. Simultaneously, a study of the surface of the samples was done using SEM analysis. This was aimed to understand the binding mechanism during the various stages of SLS. Finally, we have attempted to establish how the binding mechanism affects the density and the mechanical properties. This will not only establish which industries can directly use the SLS process in its current form with the appropriate coating process, but also lay the groundwork for future research in the variation of machine parameters and powder based raw material for improved mechanical properties

In Additive manufacturing, direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a technique for manufacturing of Metal bases 3D printing. Finely pulverized metal is melted using a high-energy fibre laser, by Island principle strategy produces mechanically and thermally stable metallic components with reduced thermal gradients, stresses & at high precision. Al-Si10-Mg alloys are being used in aircraft and automobile parts. However, this component is susceptible to lack of hardness and corrosion resistance when exposed to higher load bearing operations and industrial environments. The laser shot peening of Al-Si10-Mg prepared by DMLS process was found to enhance micro hardness of aluminium alloy. The formation of closed packed and oriented micro grains of metal atoms at interstitial layers have been ascertained from SEM and TEM studies. AFM measurements revealed that formation of micro rough surfaces and also dislocation of new grains have significantly contributed to enhancement of mechanical properties of Al-Si10-Mg alloys

The development of nano technologies have created renewed interest among researchers and scientist about various ingenious applications of these nano technologies. Production of nanoparticles with controlled morphology, size, shape and composition, is crucial step toward nano-technological applications. The present paper is focused on production of tungsten carbide nanoparticles through micro-EDM. In micro-EDM process after discharge high heat is generated, this is responsible for melting and evaporating of material in dielectric medium to form nanoparticles. Change in dielectric show the remarkable effect on the Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR), size, morphological structure of produced nanoparticle. The generated tungsten carbide nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. EDS result shows the sample contains carbon and tungsten which form tungsten carbide.

Composite material is one of the necessities in this time for reduction of weight and material cost. We replace the material by the composite materials, its moves products in less cost and less weight. In this paper, the polymer hybrid reinforced composite material made by the hand layup method and vibration analysis is made on that. Here E glass fiber and carbon fiber with combination of resigns known as hardener and epoxy. The samples pieces are give three different names as S1, S2 & S3. All of the three samples are tested by the tensometer machine with ASTM standards. Finally, the vibration analysis is done by the workbench (ANSYS).

Certain BIST designing for amazing and heterogeneous systems on a chip is given versatile; different leveled, and flowed power-restricted, embedded memory. The proposed structure contains a BIST designing in a 3-D NOC, low region, low power memory BIST control system, and a consecutive interconnection to them for low coordinating overheads. The plan is 3D advancement due to its straightforwardness; the proposed approach offers heterogeneous memories similarly as the screw up spotting to restrict time multifaceted nature and achieve high test earnestness in power and time prerequisites. Simulation results indicate better results than conventional approach.

Composites of uniformly dispersed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes(MWCNTs)(1wt%) and Polyurethane(PU) were prepared by solution mixing method to fabricate disc shaped specimen with 10mm diameter and 5mm thickness. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA) testing was performed on these nano-composites by varying the loading frequency from 5 Hz to 250 Hz and storage moduli for both the compositions was obtained. It was observed that for lower loading frequency range the storage modulus for 1wt%MWCNT/PU composites increased by nearly 20% while for higher frequency loading range the increase was nearly 15%, in comparison to pure PU. In contrast, the damping factor comparison for these specimens indicated a reduction by an average of 12% signifying that presence of MWCNTs in PU composites reduces the dissipation capacity of the composite material. Such composite materials, possess wide variety of engineering applications wherein damage and fracture needs to be reduced by fabricating more elastic materials having higher storage energy capacity.

Polypropylene(PP) composites were fabrication with minor(5wt% and 10wt%) compositions ofMulti-Walled Carbon Nanotubes(MWCNTs) using solvent mixing method. These composites were characterized to evaluate the effect of MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of PP. Nano-indentation tests were performed on these composites to obtain the variation in hardness and elastic modulus by varying the MWCNTs compositions in PC. It was observed that, for 5% MWCNT/PP composition the elastic modulus and hardness were enhanced.Both elastic modulus and hardness increased by 21% and 27.1% respectively in comparison to pure PP while for 10wt% MWCNT/PP composite this enhancement in modulus and hardness was 27.6% and 75% respectively. Presence of MWCNTs provides resistance for the propagation of shear bonds and hence deformation of PP under external loads gets reduced.

In this study Copper-Aluminum Oxide-Cubic Boron Nitride hybrid composites were developed using Powder Metallurgy method. In copper matrix reinforcements used were aluminum oxide which is 5 % of total weight and Cubic Boron Nitride which is varying in composition as 0, 1, 2 and 3 % of total weight. This combination results in improvement of wear resistance. Wear resistance increases with the increasing weight percent of Cubic Boron Nitride and co-efficient of friction decreases. However mechanical properties of these hybrid composites are degraded. Various tests e.g. wear analysis, density, hardness, compressive strength and indirect tensile strength were performed in this study.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of Poly (methyl methylacrylate) (PMMA)/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites for different compositions of MWCNTs in PMMA by using nano-scale characterization technique. Enhancing the strength of PMMA using various compositions of MWCNTs can enhance its scope of applications where resistance to external static and dynamic load is required. Composites of PMMA/MWCNTs were fabricated using simple solution mixing with various MWCNT compositions (2.5wt%, 5wt% and 10wt%) in PMMA. They were then characterized to obtain quasi static mechanical properties like hardness and elastic modulus using a nanoindentation. It was observed that hardness and modulus for 5wt% MWCNT composition in PMMA/MWCNT composites were enhanced by 44% and 27% respectively in comparison to pure PMMA. However, hardness and elastic modulus for 10wt% PMMA/MWCNT composites reduced by nearly 28% and 23% respectively in comparison to 5wt% PMMA/MWCNT composite. The visco-elastic nature of PMMA/MWCNT composites was also investigated by using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA). Complex storage modulus for 5wt% PMMA/MWCNT composite and pure PMMA specimen was compared in dynamic mode for a frequency range between 50 Hz and 210 Hz. It was observed that modulus for 5wt% PMMA/MWCNT composite increased for the complete loading frequency range.