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In this article, we focus on a class of singular linear systems of fractional differential equations with given nonconsistent initial conditions (IC). Because the nonconsistency of the IC can not lead to a unique solution for the singular system, we use two optimization techniques to provide an optimal solution for the system. We use two optimization techniques to provide the optimal solution for the system because a unique solution for the singular system cannot be obtained due to the non-consistency of the IC. These two optimization techniques involve perturbations to the non-consistent IC, specifically, an l2 perturbation (which seeks an optimal solution for the system in terms of least squares), and a second-order optimization technique at an l1 minimum perturbation, (which includes an appropriate smoothing). Numerical examples are given to justify our theory. We use the Caputo (C) fractional derivative and two recently defined alternative versions of this derivative, the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) and the Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative. Science Foundation Ireland

In this article, we study the problem of a bounded network of two triple junctions in a planar domain with fixed angle conditions at the junctions and at the points at which the curves intersect with the boundary. We introduce the evolution problem of this type of networks, identify the steady states, and study their stability in terms of the geometry of the boundary. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this article, we study the geometric relation between two different types of initial conditions (IC) of a class of singular linear systems of fractional nabla difference equations whose coefficients are constant matrices. For these kinds of systems, we analyze how inconsistent and consistent IC are related to the column vector space of the finite and the infinite eigenvalues of the pencil of the system and analyze the geometric connection between these two different types of IC. Numerical examples are given to justify the results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.