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This is a noticeably short biography and introductory paper on multiplier Hopf algebras. It delves into questions regarding the significance of this abstract construction and the motivation behind its creation. It also concerns quantum linear groups, especially the coordinate ring of Mq(n) and the observation that K [Mq(n)] is a quadratic algebra, and can be equipped with a multiplier Hopf ∗-algebra structure in the sense of quantum permutation groups developed byWang and an observation by Rollier–Vaes. In our next paper, we will propose the study of multiplier Hopf graph algebras. The current paper can be viewed as a precursor to this upcoming work, serving as a crucial intermediary bridging the gap between the abstract concept of multiplier Hopf algebras and the well-developed field of graph theory, thereby establishing connections between them! This survey review paper is dedicated to the 78th birthday anniversary of Professor Alfons Van Daele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we make use of the simultaneous decomposition of eight quaternion matrices to study the solvability conditions and general solutions to a system of two-sided coupled Sylvester-type quaternion matrix equations A i X i C i + B i X i + 1 D i = Ω i , i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. We design an algorithm to compute the general solution to the system and give a numerical example. Additionally, we consider the application of the system in the encryption and decryption of color images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present paper is to provide a cohomology theory and crossed modules of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras. We introduce the notion of a modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebra and its bimodule. We define a cohomology of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras with coefficients in a suitable bimodule. Furthermore, we study the infinitesimal deformations and abelian extensions of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras and relate them with the second cohomology groups. Finally, we investigate skeletal and strict modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie 2-algebras. We show that skeletal modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie 2-algebras can be classified into the third cohomology group, and strict modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie 2-algebras are equivalent to the crossed modules of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give another definition of Ruston elements and almost Ruston elements, which is equivalent to the definitions given by Mouton and Raubenheimer in the case that the homomorphism has a closed range and Riesz property. For two homomorphisms, we consider the preserver problems of Fredholm theory and Fredholm spectrum theory. In addition, we study the spectral mapping theorems of Fredholm (Weyl, Browder, Ruston, and almost Ruston) elements relative to a homomorphism. Last but not least, the dependence of Fredholm theory on three homomorphisms is considered, and meanwhile, the transitivity of Fredholm theory relative to three homomorphisms is illustrated. Furthermore, we consider the Fredholm theory relative to more homomorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the first cohomology from the mirror Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra to the twisted Heisenberg algebra (as the mirror Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra module), in this paper, we determined the derivations on the mirror Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra. Based on this result, we proved that any two-local derivation on the mirror Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra is a derivation. All half-derivations are described, and as corollaries, we have descriptions of transposed Poisson structures and local (two-local) half-derivations on the mirror Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we examined the extendibility of evolution subalgebras generated by idempotents of evolution algebras. The extendibility of the isomorphism of such subalgebras to the entire algebra was investigated. Moreover, the existence of an evolution algebra generated by arbitrary idempotents was also studied. Furthermore, we described the tensor product of algebras generated by arbitrary idempotents and found the conditions of the tensor decomposability of four-dimensional S-evolution algebras. This paper's findings shed light on the field of algebraic structures, particularly in studying evolution algebras. By examining the extendibility of evolution subalgebras generated by idempotents, we provide insights into the structural properties and relationships within these algebras. Understanding the isomorphism of such subalgebras and their extension allows a deeper comprehension of the overall algebraic structure and its behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a finite dimensional hereditary algebra over an algebraically closed field k. In this paper, we study the tilting quiver of A from the viewpoint of τ -tilting theory. First, we prove that there exists an isomorphism between the support τ -tilting quiver Q(s τ -tilt A) of A and the tilting quiver Q(tilt A ¯ ) of the duplicated algebra A ¯ . Then, we give a new method to calculate the number of arrows in the tilting quiver Q(tilt A) when A is representation-finite. Finally, we study the conjecture given by Happel and Unger, which claims that each connected component of Q(tilt A) contains only finitely many non-saturated vertices. We provide an example to show that this conjecture does not hold for some algebras whose quivers are wild with at least four vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper was to develop the structure theory of Hom-Lie superalgebras in characteristic 2. We discuss their representations, semidirect product, and α k -derivations and provide a classification in low dimension. We introduce another notion of restrictedness on Hom-Lie algebras in characteristic 2, different from the one given by Guan and Chen. This definition is inspired by the process of the queerification of restricted Lie algebras in characteristic 2. We also show that any restricted Hom-Lie algebra in characteristic 2 can be queerified to give rise to a Hom-Lie superalgebra. Moreover, we developed a cohomology theory of Hom-Lie superalgebras in characteristic 2, which provides a cohomology of ordinary Lie superalgebras. Furthermore, we established a deformation theory of Hom-Lie superalgebras in characteristic 2 based on this cohomology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let H denote the quaternion algebra. This paper investigates the generalized complementary covariance, which is the ϕ -Hermitian quaternion matrix. We give the properties of the generalized complementary covariance matrices. In addition, we explore the unitary diagonalization of the covariance and generalized complementary covariance. Moreover, we give the generalized quaternion unitary transform algorithm and test the performance by numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let K 〈 X d 〉 be the free associative algebra of rank d ≥ 2 over a field, K. In 1936, Wolf proved that the algebra of symmetric polynomials K 〈 X d 〉 Sym (d) is infinitely generated. In 1984 Koryukin equipped the homogeneous component of degree n of K 〈 X d 〉 with the additional action of Sym (n) by permuting the positions of the variables. He proved finite generation with respect to this additional action for the algebra of invariants K 〈 X d 〉 G of every reductive group, G. In the first part of the present paper, we established that, over a field of characteristic 0 or of characteristic p > d , the algebra K 〈 X d 〉 Sym (d) with the action of Koryukin is generated by (noncommutative version of) the elementary symmetric polynomials. Now we prove that if the field, K, is of positive characteristic at most d then the algebra K 〈 X d 〉 Sym (d) , taking into account that Koryukin's action is infinitely generated, describe a minimal generating set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "semilattices of Mal'cev blocks", for short SMB algebras, were defined by A. Bulatov. In a recently accepted paper by P. Đapić, P. Marković, R. McKenzie, and A. Prokić, the class of all SMB algebras and its subclass of regular SMB algebras were proved to be varieties of algebras. In this paper, we find an equational base of the first variety and simplify the previously known equational base of the second variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new class of Leonardo hybrid numbers that incorporate quantum integers into their components. This advancement presents a broader generalization of the q-Leonardo hybrid numbers. We explore some fundamental properties associated with these numbers. Moreover, we study special Leonardo quaternions over finite fields. In particular, we determine the Leonardo quaternions that are zero divisors or invertible elements in the quaternion algebra over the finite field Z p for special values of prime integer p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the approximation characteristics of weighted p-Wiener algebra A ω p T d for 1 ≤ p < ∞ defined on the d-dimensional torus T d . In particular, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the approximation numbers, Kolmogorov numbers, and entropy numbers associated with the embeddings i d : A ω p T d → A T d and i d : A ω p T d → L q T d for 1 ≤ p , q < ∞ , where A T d is the Wiener algebra defined on the d-dimensional torus T d . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose the representation and cohomology of modified λ -differential 3-Lie algebras. As their applications, the linear deformations, abelian extensions and T ∗ -extensions of modified λ -differential 3-Lie algebras are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper surveys results concerning the quantization approach to the Jacobian Conjecture and related topics on noncommutative algebras. We start with a brief review of the paper and its motivations. The first section deals with the approximation by tame automorphisms and the Belov–Kontsevich Conjecture. The second section provides quantization proof of Bergman's centralizer theorem which has not been revisited for almost 50 years and formulates several related centralizer problems. In the third section, we investigate a free algebra analogue of a classical theorem of Białynicki-Birula's theorem and give a noncommutative version of this famous theorem. Additionally, we consider positive-root torus actions and obtain the linearity property analogous to the Białynicki-Birula theorem. In the last sections, we introduce Feigin's homomorphisms and we see how they help us in proving our main and fundamental theorems on screening operators and in the construction of our lattice W n -algebras associated with sl n , which is by far the simplest known approach concerning constructing such algebras until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral models are often used in the study of geodynamo problems. Physical fields in these models are presented as stationary basic modes combinations with time-dependent amplitudes. To construct a model it is necessary to calculate the modes parameters, and to calculate the model coefficients (the Galerkin coefficients). These coefficients are integrals of complex multiplicative combinations of modes and differential operators. The paper proposes computing technology for the calculation of parameters, the derivation of integrands and the calculation of the integrals themselves. The technology is based on computer algebra methods. The main elements for implementation of technology in the Maple system are described. The proposed computational technology makes it possible to quickly and accurately construct fairly wide classes of new geodynamo spectral models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A / B be a right H-Galois extension over a semisimple Hopf algebra H. The purpose of this paper is to give the relationship of Gorenstein flat dimensions between the algebra A and its subalgebra B, and obtain that the global Gorenstein flat dimension and the finitistic Gorenstein flat dimension of A is no more than that of B. Then the problem of preserving property of Gorenstein flat precovers for the Hopf-Galois extension will be studied. Finally, more relations for the crossed products and smash products will be obtained as applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the computational aspects which appear in the study of algebras obtained by the Cayley–Dickson process, it is difficult to obtain nice properties for these algebras. For this reason, finding some identities in such algebras plays an important role in obtaining new properties of these algebras and facilitates computations. In this regard, in the first part of this paper, we present some new identities and properties in algebras obtained by the Cayley–Dickson process. As another remark regarding the computational aspects in these algebras, in the last part of this paper, we solve some quadratic equations in the real division quaternion algebra when their coefficients are some special elements. These special coefficients allowed us to solve interesting quadratic equations, providing solutions directly, without using specialized softs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let H be an infinite-dimensional separable complex Hilbert space and B (H) the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. In this paper, we characterized the linear maps ϕ : B (H) → B (H) , which are surjective up to compact operators preserving the set of left semi-Weyl operators in both directions. As an application, we proved that ϕ preserves the essential approximate point spectrum if and only if the ideal of all compact operators is invariant under ϕ and the induced map φ on the Calkin algebra is an automorphism. Moreover, we have i n d (ϕ (T)) = i n d (T) if both ϕ (T) and T are Fredholm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweeds or seaweed Lie algebras are subalgebras of the full-matrix algebra Mat (n) introduced by Dergachev and Kirillov to give an example of algebras for which it is possible to compute the Dixmier index via combinatorial methods. It is worth noting that finding such an index for general Lie algebras is a cumbersome problem. On the other hand, Brauer configuration algebras are multiserial and symmetric algebras whose representation theory can be described using combinatorial data. It is worth pointing out that the set of integer partitions and compositions of a fixed positive integer give rise to Brauer configuration algebras. However, giving a closed formula for the dimension of these kinds of algebras or their centers for all positive integer is also a tricky problem. This paper gives formulas for the dimension of Brauer configuration algebras (and their centers) induced by some restricted compositions. It is also proven that some of these algebras allow defining seaweeds of Dixmier index one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a natural question to ask whether there is any Lie algebra that completely characterize simple singularities? The higher Nash blow-up derivation Lie algebras L k l (V) associated to isolated hypersurface singularities defined to be the Lie algebra of derivations of the local Artinian algebra M n l (V) : = O l / 〈 F , J n 〉 , i.e., L k l (V) = D e r (M n l (V)) . In this paper, we construct a new conjecture for the complete characterization of simple hypersurface singularities using the Lie algebras L k l (V) under certain condition and prove it true for L k l (V) when k , l = 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a connected cochain DG algebra such that its underlying graded algebra A # is the graded skew polynomial algebra k 〈 x 1 , x 2 , x 3 〉 / x 1 x 2 + x 2 x 1 x 2 x 3 + x 3 x 2 x 3 x 1 + x 1 x 3 , | x 1 | = | x 2 | = | x 3 | = 1. Then the differential ∂ A is determined by ∂ A (x 1) ∂ A (x 2) ∂ A (x 3) = M x 1 2 x 2 2 x 3 2 for some M ∈ M 3 (k) . When the rank r (M) of M belongs to { 1 , 2 , 3 } , we compute H (A) case by case. The computational results in this paper give substantial support for the research of the various homological properties of such DG algebras. We find some examples, which indicate that the cohomology graded algebras of such kind of DG algebras may be not left (right) Gorenstein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce and study two smash products A ★ H for a left H-quasimodule algebra A over a Hopf quasigroup H over a field K and B # U for a coquasi U-module algebra B over a Hopf coquasigroup U, respectively. Then, we prove our duality theorem (A ★ H) # H * ≅ A ⊗ (H # H *) ≅ A ⊗ M n (K) ≅ M n (A) in the setting of a Hopf quasigroup H of dimension n. As an application of our result, we consider a special case of a finite quasigroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of a study on solvable Leibniz algebras with a given nilradical. In this paper, solvable Leibniz algebras, whose nilradical is naturally graded quasi-filiform algebra and the complemented space to the nilradical has maximal dimension, are described up to isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rank two Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra can be viewed as a generalization of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra. Lie bialgebras play an important role in searching for solutions of quantum Yang–Baxter equations. It is interesting to study the Lie bialgebra structures on the rank two Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra. Since the Lie brackets of rank two Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra are different from that of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra and Virasoro-like algebras, and there are inner derivations (from itself to its tensor space) which are hidden more deeply in its interior algebraic structure, some new techniques and strategies are employed in this paper. It is proved that every Lie bialgebra structure on the rank two Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra is triangular coboundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a large class of simple restricted modules over the deformed 3 algebra ℬ, which contain the highest weight modules and Whittaker modules. Moreover, we obtain several equivalent statements for simple restricted modules over ℬ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the complete algebraic classification of complex five-dimensional nilpotent bicommutative algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe an educational experience in the context of the Master's degree that is compulsory in Spain to become a secondary education mathematics teacher. Master's students from two universities in Madrid (Spain) attended lectures that addressed—emphasizing the concourse of a dynamic geometry software package—some historical, didactic and mathematical issues related to linkage mechanisms, such as those arising in the 18th and 19th centuries during the development of the steam engine. Afterwards, participants were asked to provide three different kinds of feedback: (i) working on an assigned group task, (ii) individually answering a questionnaire, and (iii) proposing some classroom activity, imagining it would be addressed to their prospective pupils. All three issues focused on the specific topic of the attended lectures. In the framework of Mason's reflective discourse analysis, the information supplied by the participants has been analyzed. The objective was to explore what they have learned from the experience and what their perception is of the potential interest in linkages as a methodological instrument for their future professional activity as teachers. This analysis is then the basis upon which to reflect on the opportunities (and problems) that this particular bar-joint linkages methodological approach could bring towards providing future mathematics teachers with attractive tools that would contribute to enhancing a STEAM-oriented education. Finally, the students' answers allow us to conclude that the experience was beneficial for these pre-service teachers, both in improving their knowledge on linkages history, mathematics, industrial, technological and artistic applications, and in enhancing the use in the classroom of this very suitable STEAM context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Heisenberg doubles and Long dimodules of a BiHom-Hopf algebra are introduced. Then, we discussed the relation between BiHom-Hopf equation and BiHom-pentagon equation, and we obtain the solutions of BiHom-Hopf equation from Heisenberg doubles. We also showed that the parametric generalized Long dimodules can provide the solutions of BiHom-Yang-Baxter equation and generalized D -equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Novikov–Poisson algebra (A , ∘ , ·) is a vector space with a Novikov algebra structure (A , ∘) and a commutative associative algebra structure (A , ·) satisfying some compatibility conditions. Give a Novikov–Poisson algebra (A , ∘ , ·) and a vector space V. A natural problem is how to construct and classify all Novikov–Poisson algebra structures on the vector space E = A ⊕ V such that (A , ∘ , ·) is a subalgebra of E up to isomorphism whose restriction on A is the identity map. This problem is called extending structures problem. In this paper, we introduce the definition of a unified product for Novikov–Poisson algebras, and then construct an object GH 2 (V , A) to answer the extending structures problem. Note that unified product includes many interesting products such as bicrossed product, crossed product and so on. Moreover, the special case when dim (V) = 1 is investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the parity extension of the harmonic oscillator systems to develop the generalized Tavis-Cummings model (T-CM) based on a specific deformation of the Heisenberg algebra. We present a quantum scheme of a two-qubit system (TQS) interacting with a quantized field that is initially prepared in parity deformed coherent states (PDCSs). The dynamical features of the considered system are explored in the presence of parity deformed parameter (PDP) and time-dependent coupling (t-dc). In particular, we examine the amount of the entanglement formed in the qubit–field and qubit–qubit states. We find that the maximal amount of the entanglement may be occurred periodically during the time evolution. Finally, we investigate the influence of PDP on the Fisher information and the photon statistics of the deformed field with respect to the main parameters of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be an algebra of subsets of a set Ω and b a (A) the Banach space of bounded finitely additive scalar-valued measures on A endowed with the variation norm. A subset B of A is a Nikodým set for b a (A) if each countable B -pointwise bounded subset M of b a (A) is norm bounded. A subset B of A is a Grothendieck set for b a (A) if for each bounded sequence μ n n = 1 ∞ in b a (A) the B -pointwise convergence on b a (A) implies its b a (A) * -pointwise convergence on b a (A) . A subset B of an algebra A is a strong-Nikodým (Grothendieck) set for b a (A) if in each increasing covering { B n : n ∈ N } of B there exists B m which is a Nikodým (Grothendieck) set for b a (A) . The answer of the following open question for an algebra A of subsets of a set Ω , proposed by Valdivia in 2013, has not yet been found: Is it true that if A is a Nikodým set for b a (A) then A is a strong Nikodým set for b a (A) ? In this paper we surveyed some results related to this Valdivia's open question, as well as the corresponding problem for strong Grothendieck sets. The new Propositions 1 and 3 provide more simplified proofs, particularly in their application to Theorems 1 and 2, which were the main results surveyed. Moreover, the proofs of almost all other propositions are wholly or partially original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first introduce the notion of a 3-Hom–Lie bialgebra and give an equivalent description of the 3-Hom–Lie bialgebras, the matched pairs and the Manin triples of 3-Hom–Lie algebras. In addition, we define O -operators of 3-Hom–Lie algebras and construct solutions of the 3-Hom–Lie Yang–Baxter equation in terms of O -operators and 3-Hom–pre-Lie algebras. Finally, we show that a 3-Hom–Lie algebra has a phase space if and only if it is sub-adjacent to a 3-Hom–pre-Lie algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To express wider uncertainty, Běhounek and Daňková studied fuzzy partial logic and partial function. At the same time, Borzooei generalized t-norms and put forward the concept of partial t-norms when studying lattice valued quantum effect algebras. Based on partial t-norms, Zhang et al. studied partial residuated implications (PRIs) and proposed the concept of partial residuated lattices (PRLs). In this paper, we mainly study the related algebraic structure of fuzzy partial logic. First, we provide the definitions of regular partial t-norms and regular partial residuated implication (rPRI) through the general forms of partial t-norms and partial residuated implication. Second, we define regular partial residuated lattices (rPRLs) and study their corresponding properties. Third, we study the relations among commutative quasi-residuated lattices, commutative Q-residuated lattices, partial residuated lattices, and regular partial residuated lattices. Last, in order to obtain the filter theory of regular partial residuated lattices, we restrict certain conditions and then propose special regular partial residuated lattices (srPRLs) in order to finally construct the quotient structure of regular partial residuated lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first introduce the notion of Hom–Leibniz bialgebras, which is equivalent to matched pairs of Hom–Leibniz algebras and Manin triples of Hom–Leibniz algebras. Additionally, we extend the notion of relative Rota–Baxter operators to Hom–Leibniz algebras and prove that there is a Hom–pre-Leibniz algebra structure on Hom–Leibniz algebras that have a relative Rota–Baxter operator. Finally, we study the classical Hom–Leibniz Yang–Baxter equation on Hom–Leibniz algebras and present its connection with the relative Rota–Baxter operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, power flows in electrical circuits are modelled in a mixed time-frequency domain by using geometric algebra and the Hilbert transform for the first time. The use of this mathematical framework overcomes some of the limitations of some of the existing methodologies, in which the so-called "active current" may not lead to the lowest Root Mean Square (RMS) current under distorted supply or unbalanced load. Moreover, this current may contain higher levels of harmonic distortion compared to the supply voltage. The proposed method can be used for sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal power supplies, non-linear loads and single- and multi-phase electrical circuits, and it provides meaningful engineering results with a compact formulation. It can also serve as an advanced tool for developing algorithms in the power electronics field. Several examples have been included to verify the validity of the proposed theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The four subspace problem is a known matrix problem, which is equivalent to determining all the indecomposable representations of a poset consisting of four incomparable points. In this paper, we use solutions of this problem and invariants associated with indecomposable projective modules with some suitable Brauer configuration algebras to categorify the integer sequence encoded in the OEIS as A100705 and some related integer sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) model emerged from the advances proposed by Shulman in 1986 and 1987 as part of the teacher's professional knowledge model, and refers to the mathematical knowledge that the teacher employs to carry out the instruction process in the classroom. MKT has become an international benchmark for research into mathematics education and boasts a great scope and impact to date. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the way in which the MKT of early algebra teachers has been conceptualized and empirically studied in the scientific literature from 2010 to 2021. A systematic search in the Web of Science and Scopus databases led to a review of 17 papers. The results show great advances in the conceptualization of mathematical knowledge for teaching early algebra, focusing mainly on primary education teachers and on specialized knowledge of the content. In turn, there is a predominance of studies that address functional thinking as a content area. We conclude that more empirical studies are needed that address the mathematical knowledge that childhood and primary education teachers have of early algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new class of division algebras, the hyperpolyadic algebras, which correspond to the binary division algebras R , C , H , O without considering new elements. First, we use the matrix polyadization procedure proposed earlier which increases the dimension of the algebra. The algebras obtained in this way obey binary addition and a nonderived n-ary multiplication and their subalgebras are division n-ary algebras. For each invertible element, we define a new norm which is polyadically multiplicative, and the corresponding map is a n-ary homomorphism. We define a polyadic analog of the Cayley–Dickson construction which corresponds to the consequent embedding of monomial matrices from the polyadization procedure. We then obtain another series of n-ary algebras corresponding to the binary division algebras which have a higher dimension, which is proportional to the intermediate arities, and which are not isomorphic to those obtained by the previous constructions. Second, a new polyadic product of vectors in any vector space is defined, which is consistent with the polyadization procedure using vectorization. Endowed with this introduced product, the vector space becomes a polyadic algebra which is a division algebra under some invertibility conditions, and its structure constants are computed. Third, we propose a new iterative process (we call it the "imaginary tower"), which leads to nonunital nonderived ternary division algebras of half the dimension, which we call "half-quaternions" and "half-octonions". The latter are not the subalgebras of the binary division algebras, but subsets only, since they have different arity. Nevertheless, they are actually ternary division algebras, because they allow division, and their nonzero elements are invertible. From the multiplicativity of the introduced "half-quaternion" norm, we obtain the ternary analog of the sum of two squares identity. We show that the ternary division algebra of imaginary "half-octonions" is unitless and totally associative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the problem of determining the weights of difference schemes whose form is specified by a particular symbolic expression. The order of approximation of the differential equation is equal to a given number. To solve it, it was propose to proceed from considering systems of differential equations of a general form to one scalar equation. This method provides us with some values for the weights, which we propose to test using Richardson's method. The method was shown to work in the case of low-order schemes. However, when transitioning from the scalar problem to the vector and nonlinear problems, the reduction of the order of the scheme, whose weights are selected for the scalar problem, occurs in different families of schemes. This was first discovered when studying the Shanks scheme, which belongs to the family of explicit Runge–Kutta schemes. This does not deteriorate the proposed strategy itself concerning the simplification of the weight-determination problem, which should include a clause on mandatory testing of the order using the Richardson method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let s, t be two positive integers and k be an algebraically closed field with char ( k) ∤ s t . We show that the Drinfeld double D (⋀ s t , t * c o p) of generalized Taft–Hopf algebra ⋀ s t , t * c o p has ribbon elements if and only if t is odd. Moreover, if s is even and t is odd, then D (⋀ s t , t * c o p) has two ribbon elements, and if both s and t are odd, then D (⋀ s t , t * c o p) has only one ribbon element. Finally, we compute explicitly all ribbon elements of D (⋀ s t , t * c o p) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalized construction procedure for algebraic number systems is hereby presented. This procedure offers an efficient representation and computation method for complex numbers, quaternions, and other algebraic structures. The construction method is then illustrated across a range of examples. In particular, the novel developments reported herein provide a generalized form of the Cayley–Dickson construction through involutive dimagmas, thereby allowing for the treatment of more general spaces other than vector spaces, which underlie the associated algebra structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the derivations of the incidence algebra I (X , R) , where X is a preordered set and R is an algebra over some commutative ring T. A satisfactory description of the T-module of derivations and the T-module of outer derivations of this algebra is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Max-plus algebra is the similarity of the classical linear algebra with two binary operations, maximum and addition. The notation Ax = Bx, where A, B are given (interval) matrices, represents (interval) two-sided (max, plus)-linear system. For the solvability of Ax = Bx, there are some pseudopolynomial algorithms, but a polynomial algorithm is still waiting for an appearance. The paper deals with the analysis of solvability of two-sided (max, plus)-linear equations with inexact (interval) data. The purpose of the paper is to get efficient necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the interval systems using the property of the solution set of the non-interval system Ax = Bx. The main contribution of the paper is a transformation of weak versions of solvability to either subeigenvector problems or to non-interval two-sided (max, plus)-linear systems and obtaining the equivalent polynomially checked conditions for the strong versions of solvability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A and B be rings, U a (B , A) -bimodule, and T = A 0 U B the triangular matrix ring. In this paper, several notions in relative Gorenstein algebra over a triangular matrix ring are investigated. We first study how to construct w-tilting (tilting, semidualizing) over T using the corresponding ones over A and B. We show that when U is relative (weakly) compatible, we are able to describe the structure of G C -projective modules over T. As an application, we study when a morphism in T-Mod is a special G C P (T) -precover and when the class G C P (T) is a special precovering class. In addition, we study the relative global dimension of T. In some cases, we show that it can be computed from the relative global dimensions of A and B. We end the paper with a counterexample to a result that characterizes when a T-module has a finite projective dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we study Frobenius bimodules associated with a pair of automorphisms of an algebra and discuss their basic properties. In particular, some equivalent conditions for a finite-dimensional bimodule are proved to be Frobenius and some isomorphisms between Ext-groups and Tor-groups of Frobenius modules over finite dimensional algebras are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A left-Alia algebra is a vector space together with a bilinear map satisfying the symmetric Jacobi identity. Motivated by invariant theory, we first construct a class of left-Alia algebras induced by twisted derivations. Then, we introduce the notions of Manin triples and bialgebras of left-Alia algebras. Via specific matched pairs of left-Alia algebras, we figure out the equivalence between Manin triples and bialgebras of left-Alia algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Postnikov introduced Bert Kostant's game to build the maximal positive root associated with the quadratic form of a simple graph. This result, and some other games based on Cartan matrices, give a new version of Gabriel's theorem regarding algebras classification. In this paper, as a variation of Bert Kostant's game, we introduce a wargame based on a missile defense system (MDS). In this case, missile trajectories are interpreted as suitable paths of a quiver (directed graph). The MDS protects a region of the Euclidean plane by firing missiles from a ground-based interceptor (GBI) located at the point (0 , 0) . In this case, a missile success interception occurs if a suitable positive number associated with the launches of the enemy army can be written as a mixed sum of triangular and square numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a novel concept for an abstract algebra course at the secondary school level. Against the backdrop of findings from mathematics education research, we discuss benefits that arise from teaching abstract algebra to secondary school students. We derive suitable content items as well as educational ideas on how to implement them into mathematics classrooms. We build on frameworks from mathematics education research to design a teaching-learning sequence that enables a beneficial learning trajectory across three units—the result is a coherent teaching concept that encompasses Magmas in a hands-on way. It can be used for either extra-curricular activities or advanced courses in mathematics classes, and can be of benefit for mathematics learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the concept of B L -algebra as an important part of the ordered algebra, in this paper we investigate the binary block code generated by an arbitrary B L -algebra and study related properties. For this goal, we initiate the study of the B L -function on a nonempty set P based on B L -algebra L, and by using that, l-functions and l-subsets are introduced for the arbitrary element l of a B L -algebra. In addition, by the mean of the l-functions and l-subsets, an equivalence relation on the B L -algebra L is introduced, and using that, the structure of the code generated by an arbitrary B L -algebra is considered. Some related properties (such as the length and the linearity) of the generated code and examples are provided. Moreover, as the main result, we define a new order on the generated code C based on the B L -algebra L , and show that the structures of the B L -algebra with its order and the correspondence generated code with the defined order are the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]