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The performance of a high precision reducer determines the accuracy and efficiency of the mechanical motion, particularly in the field of industrial robots. To meet the requirements of scientific research and the expansion of industrial production, comprehensive performance testing of high precision reducers has become an important focus in related fields. This review article summarizes the main test parameters, analyzes the characteristics of existing methods, and proposes requirements according to the aspects of the mechanical structure, metrology principles, and engineering applications. Moreover, measurement methods for basic physical quantities and specific calibration techniques are presented, and the load technology is summarized. Scientific research orientations and technical routes are emphasized for achieving high-precision measurements, which can appropriately determine the performance of high precision reducers.

The trajectory of guideway influences spatial position and pose of a moving workpiece. Laser beam and visual image are used for joint measurement to continuously track a specified point on moving guideway. Meanwhile, the geodetic datum is established in the reference plane formed by structured light, which is emitted by an electronic leveling device. Further, the trajectory of a specified point on moving guideway in the world coordinate system is determined, providing effective geometric information for assembly. This paper takes a two-axis guideway system in an instrument for testing precision reducer as an example. The trajectory is obtained by the proposed method. Based on measurement results, it provides a practical application. Assembly experiments prove that the proposed method is useful. The guideway is in a universal application and this feasible method can be applied to other similar industrial fields.

The calibration and error compensation techniques for an Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM) with two parallel rotational axes are proposed. An improved six-parameter D–H model is established. The reversal techniques are used to calibrate the parallelism errors, arm lengths and zero position of the AACMM. The effects of the bending and torsion deformations caused by the gravity of the arms are removed. The experiments prove that the calibration method is simple and the measurement expanded uncertainty ( 2 u c ) of the developed AACMM with a measuring range of (∅200–∅1000 mm) × 250 mm is less than 10 μm after error compensation.