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• Method to evaluate performance of a laser tracker (LT) without need for scale bar. • Method utilizes stationary targets measured from multiple LT positions. • Length uncertainty between stationary targets is reduced by fitting LT error model. • These lengths are then used as reference for laser tracker performance evaluation. • Method validated using line-of-sight interferometry. Laser trackers (LTs) are widely used for large-scale dimensional metrology. Periodic LT performance evaluation is a key aspect in ensuring measurement reliability. The existing documentary standards for LT performance evaluation require scale bars and special artifacts that are often unavailable for many LT users. A network-based method is considered in this paper as a simple and effective approach to evaluate LT performance without the need for expensive artifacts or reference instruments. In this method, a set of fixed targets are measured from different locations of the LT. The reference values for the lengths between pairs of targets are determined by incorporating the geometrical error model of the LT (i.e., the LT data from each location are corrected for systematic geometric misalignments, quantities that are also obtained from the same data), thus the LT under test is itself used to calibrate the lengths in the network. Subsequently, these length values are used as references to evaluate the LT performance. We validate this method of establishing reference lengths by comparing the values for select lengths in the network against more traditional line-of-sight interferometry. We show that the uncertainties in the reference lengths obtained in this manner are sufficiently small in comparison to the maximum permissible error (MPE) specifications so that they can be used for performance evaluation. A case study using three LTs is presented in this paper. The results obtained from that case study is also verified by a simulation based on the ASME B89.4.19 standard, showing the feasibility of the proposed network-based LT performance evaluation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Report on first realization of test procedures per the ASTM E3125-17 standard. • Discuss test procedures, describe measurands and test methods. • Present the test values and their uncertainties. Spherical coordinate three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems, such as Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), are already used widely in different fields. Their measurement performance evaluation is a topic of active research. In 2017, the first comprehensive documentary standard describing performance evaluation methods and procedures for TLS systems, the ASTM E3125-17, was released. In this paper, we report on the first realization of the test procedures per that standard. We briefly discuss the test procedures and then describe the materials and methods used to realize the tests. We then discuss the test measurands (the quantities of interest in the testing procedure), present the test values (the measured values of the test measurands), and the test value uncertainties (uncertainties in the testing process, which is typically the uncertainty in the reference length). The work described in this paper will serve as a useful reference for understanding and implementing the ASTM E3125-17 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Per ASTM E3125-17, TLS performance may be evaluated using long scale bars. • We report two methods to calibrate a scale bar with sphere targets mounted on it. • The four-orientation and two-face method is to calibrate horizontal bar length. • The comparison method is proposed for calibrating bar length in any orientation. • The validation experiments for the two methods are given and discussed. A scale bar with sphere targets is one way of realizing the symmetric and asymmetric length tests to evaluate Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) performance per the ASTM E3125-17 standard. The length of the scale bar is required to be known with an expanded (k = 2) uncertainty that must be at least four times smaller than the manufacturer's maximum permissible error (MPE) specification of the instrument being tested. In this paper, we propose two methods to calibrate the scale bar length using a laser tracker. The first method, which we refer to as the four-orientation and two-face (FOTF) method, is proposed for calibrating the scale bar when it is in a horizontal orientation. The other method, which we refer to as the comparison method, is proposed for calibrating the length of the scale bar in any orientation. We describe the methods, present underlying theories, discuss validation experiments, and summarize results. The two calibration methods are beneficial for the realization of the ASTM E3125-17 standard for TLS performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]