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The results of studies aimed at creating a complex of high-precision hardware instruments for reproduction and transmission of the unit of length are described. The composition of the complex is described. The creation of the complex is intended to increase the scientific and technological level of the Russian Federation and support the uniformity of measurements of length. The complex will become the foundation for the further development of the standards base of the Russian Federation in the field of measurements of length and will make it possible to perform reproduction of the unit of length at two wavelengths, 633 and 532 nm, as well as measure the wavelength of laser sources of radiation in a vacuum in the range 500–1050 nm.

The characteristics of the first-echelon State Standard of the unit of length, the meter in the range from 10–6 to 1100 mm, which has been placed in service at the Mendeleev All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Metrology are presented. Results of studies of the standard in the field of metrological assurance of thread gauges are given.

The operating principles and engineering solutions for constructing compensation-type pyrometers with nonlinear negative feedback and a built-in calibrator are considered.

The metrological characteristics of modern high-precision laser measurement systems and instruments for the measurement of the level of petroleum and petroleum products used in commercial accounting are presented. Results of studies of the components of the nonexcluded systematic and random errors, the standard deviation, and confidence limits of the total error of the transmission of the unit of length by a 30-m laser interference comparator incorporated into the structure of the state primary standard of the unit of length, the meter, are presented.

Work on upgrading the national primary standard for the unit of length – the meter, GET 2-85, during the period from 2008 to 2010 is reviewed, and international comparisons of lasers at the BIPM and VNIIM, and comparisons in the COOMET and EUROMET systems, are discussed. The comparators included in the standard are described briefly and ways of further improving the standard are pointed out.

A brief review of the measurement capabilities of the leading national metrological institutes of the world in the field of measurements of ruled length gauges (tape measures) is given. A comparative analysis of the construction of comparators is carried out. The thirty-meter laser interference comparator, which forms part of the State Primary Standard of the unit of length (the GET 2-2010 meter), is described. Ways of further improvement and new areas of application, e.g. checking scanners, trackers, level meters, optical range finders and other measuring instruments, are indicated.

The use of a system approach to describe the properties of the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) is proposed. A model is presented which enables the error of the difference between the ITS-90 and the thermodynamic scale to be estimated. The possibility of estimating the static chaos of the results of temperature measurements is considered.

A survey of the measurement capabilities of the Mendeleev All-Russia Research Institute of Metrology in inspection and tests of level indicators for the needs of the oil and gas industry is given. A number of problems related to the process of performing measurements at the tank fields of terminals are discussed. A 30-m laser interference comparator that functions as a component of the state primary standard of the unit of length, the meter, is briefly described.

The fundamental possibility of using low-energy nuclear transitions for obtaining highly stable frequency standards is considered.

Results are presented for comparison of He-Ne-lasers from VNIIM (Russia) and BelGIM (Belarus) stabilized with respect to 127I2 at wavelength 633 nm that are within the composition of national length standards. The difference in frequencies for components d, e, f, and g of the iodine molecule fine structure for the transition 11–5, R(127) between VNIIM2 and BEL2 lasers was νVNIIM - νBEL2 = 1.8 kHz with the standard uncertainty of 3.4 kHz.