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The aim of this research was to analyse the levels of toxic heavy metals (Mercury, Lead and Cadmium) and a toxic metalloid (Arsenic) in fish feed and animal feed from Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period from 2013 to 2018. Data from the National Veterinary Inspection Sector were provided for this study (n=438). The mean levels of As, Hg, Pb and Cd in all fish feed samples were 0.90±0.50 mg/kg, 0.02±0.05 mg/kg, 0.42±0.70 mg/kg and 0.16±0.11 mg/kg, respectively. During 2013–2018, the mean levels of As, Hg, Pb and Cd in animal feed (other complete feed) were 0.42±1.22 mg/kg, 0.01±0.02 mg/kg, 0.75±2.18 mg/kg and 0.10±0.12 mg/kg, respectively. In animal feeds sampled between 2013–2018, mean annual Pb levels increased the most among the four elements studied. In contrast, mean annual As, Hg and Cd levels in animal feeds continuously decreased during the study period. The mean annual Pb level in fish feed decreased, but continuous increases were observed in mean annual Hg and Cd levels during the study. The results show that the levels of toxic elements in fish feed and animal feed require attention and deserve a high priority monitoring program, as most feeds complied with the regulated maximum allowed concentrations of As, Hg, Pb and Cd in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the European Union, but some did not.

Serbia is partially supplied with fish from its own aquaculture and fishing, both commercial and recreational, which averaged 6.70 tons for the period from 2012 to 2021. The majority of fish in the market during the same period came from imports (an average of 34,090 tons). Out of the total catch of fish and fish products on the market in Serbia, 92.80% consisted of marine fish and seafood, while only 7.14% consisted of freshwater fish. The volume of imported sea fish and fish products followed this descending order: hake > tuna > seafood > canned fish > fish fillets > herring > sardines > mackerel > other seafood. Among freshwater fish, trout was the most commonly imported, followed by other species of fish and carp. The average total value of fish imports from 2012 to 2021 was €86.030 million, and the average import price of fish was €2.50/kg. With the import of fish and fish products, and fish from domestic production and catches, the fish market in Serbia was supplied with 41,270 tons of fish during the period studied, which means that the annual per capita fish consumption in Serbia was about 7 kilograms.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of region (lowland vs. mountain region) on the content of volatile compounds of red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). A total of forty eight female carcasses of three species (16 red deer, 16 fallow deer, and 16 roe deer) were collected from lowland and a mountain region, so from each region, 8 red deer, 8 fallow deer, and 8 roe deer were collected. In our study, higher contents of the aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols responsible for off‑flavours of meat were found in our fallow deer meat than in red deer and roe deer meat. Moreover, in our study, region affected most of the content of aldehydes, heterocyclic and phenolic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and some ketones, alcohols, and esters. Higher content of volatile compounds responsible for off‑flavours was detected in mountain deer meat than in deer meat from the lowland region.