1. [Rabies]
- Author
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Ribadeau-Dumas, Florence, Dacheux, Laurent, Bourhy, Hervé, Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS pour la Rage - Dynamique des lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CC-OMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Centre National de Référence de la Rage-Dynamique des Lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CNR)
- Subjects
MESH: Lyssavirus ,Rabies ,MESH: Dog Diseases ,Saliva/virology ,MESH: Dogs ,MESH: Rabies ,Dogs ,Zoonoses ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Animals ,MESH: Saliva ,Dog Diseases ,Saliva ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Rabies Vaccines ,Rabies virus/ultrastructure ,MESH: Rabies virus ,MESH: France ,Rabies Vaccines ,Rabies virus ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Rabies/diagnosis/therapy/virology ,Lyssavirus ,France ,Dog Diseases/virology ,MESH: Zoonoses ,Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ,MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis - Abstract
International audience; Rabies virus, a neurotropic lyssavirus responsible for unavoidable fatal encephalitis, is transmitted by saliva of infected animals through bite, scratch or licking of broken skin or a mucous membrane. Infection can be prevented by timely prevention (wash for several minutes, antisepsis and vaccination completed by antirabies immunoglobulins [Ig] according to the severity of exposure). The 55,000 human deaths estimated annually worldwide result mainly from uncontrolled canine rabies in enzootic countries (particularly in Africa and in Asia), attributable to a lack of resources or interest for this disease. Bat rabies, henceforth first cause of human's rabies in many countries in America, affects a very small number of individuals but seems more difficult to control. Shortened vaccine protocols, rationalized use of Ig and development of products of substitution should enhance access of exposed patients to prevention. Finally, research on the biological cycle, the pathogeny and on escape of virus-induced mechanisms from the immune system should continue to pave the way for presently unknown treatments of clinical rabies.
- Published
- 2013