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Sleeping trees are one of the important components in the siamang habitat as an arboreal primate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and preferences of the siamang sleeping tree and the parameters that influence it. This research was conducted in the buffer zone of the Dolok Sibual-buali Nature Reserve, North Sumatra from April to May 2022. Data collection was carried out by direct observation, recording, and measurement. The characteristics of the siamang sleeping tree generally include three parameters, namely biotic, physical, and anthropogenic activity factors. There are 12 species of trees identified as siamang sleeping trees. Based on the results of PCA, obtained 6 parameters that have the most influence on the selection of siamang sleeping trees, namely activity from cultivated land, the canopy vertical length, NDVI, distance from feeding plants, distance from settlements, and slope direction. Siamang in habitats that intersect with anthropogenic activity based on the Neu index tends to prefer the location of sleeping trees with a distance of 222,9 – 268,71 m from cultivated land and 1573,5 – 1904,29 m from settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flying squad is an established strategy in the effort to resolve the conflict elephants in Tesso Nilo National Park. Flying squad utilizes trained elephants to chase away wild elephants that come out the national park area. The study aims to identify management training and daily behavior of Sumatran elephant. The study was conducted in the Flying Squad WWF's Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau in March-April 2016 using focal animal sampling and interview. The elephant training curriculum consist of basic training, advanced training and exercise development by combined verbal commands, visual, and physical. The measured success of training will be seen if the elephants could perform mahout's commands without any error. Percentage of ingestive behavior showed the highest value at noon, while percentage of shelter seeking and other behavior showed the highest value at night. It caused the elephants do more displacement to get the food at noon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict between human and elephants in Tesso Nilo National Park encourages WWF to establish the Flying Squad. Related to the function of the sumatran elephants in Flying Squad as the patrol team, it is necessary to conduct a proper management to ensure animal welfare. This study aims to examine the aspects of welfare management and asses the level of welfare of sumatran elephants in Flying Squad. The research methodology used for this study are literature review, interviews and field observation. Data analyzed by describing the suitability of management and tabulating the assessment. The management of cages, feed, health and reproduction requires some improvements such as the type, number and equipment of the cages, natural feed adequacy, medical infrastructure and reproduction management. The 76,98% percentage rate of sumatran elephant welfare, which is relatively good, is because there are only 14 priority components of 43 components of animal welfare assessment that need improvements and enhanced management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tarsier is a nocturnal insectivore primates endemic to Sulawesi including Buton Island. Buton tarsier is only occurrence on the island and its likely status as a distinct species make it more threatened than the other species on the mainland. Moreover, the habitat of this species has been suffering from forest clearance through illegal logging and mining. The aims of this study are to identify the sleeping site of the tarsier and the habitat characteristics surround its sleeping sites. The research were carried out from June to August 2014 at Lambsango Forest, Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi. The data collected consisting locations and types of sleeping sites, habitat component including abiotic and biotic in each site where the tarsier sleeping site found. The study showed that mostly tarsier lived in the in strangler fig trees (Ficus sp.), rock crevices and sometimes in trees with hollow crevices or trees with vine tangles. Moreover, the study also showed that the sleeping sites mostly found near to the street, seetlement, and forest edge. Vegetation composition and insect's abundance also influenced the existence of the sleeping location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]