1. Effects of Tert-Butylhydroquinone on Intestinal Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
- Author
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Handong Wang, Weibang Liang, Jian Jiang, Yuxiang Dai, Hongbin Ni, Tianyu Lu, Wei Jin, and Jun Wu
- Subjects
Male ,Antioxidant ,Article Subject ,Traumatic brain injury ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Apoptosis ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mice ,Intestinal mucosa ,medicine ,In Situ Nick-End Labeling ,lcsh:Pathology ,Animals ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Transcription factor ,NF-kappa B ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,NFKB1 ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Hydroquinones ,Intestines ,Brain Injuries ,Cytokines ,medicine.symptom ,Oxidative stress ,Research Article ,lcsh:RB1-214 - Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce intestinal inflammatory response and mucosal injury. Antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown in our previous studies to prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory response in gut after TBI. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 inducer, can protect against TBI-induced intestinal inflammatory response and mucosal injury in mice. Adult male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) sham + vehicle group, (2) TBI + vehicle group, and (3) TBI + tBHQ group (n=12per group). Closed head injury was adopted using Hall's weight-dropping method. Intestinal mucosa apoptosis and inflammatory-related factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), were investigated at 24 h after TBI. As a result, we found that oral treatment with 1% tBHQ prior to TBI for one week markedly decreased NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokines production, and ICAM-1 expression in the gut. Administration of tBHQ also significantly attenuated TBI-induced intestinal mucosal apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that tBHQ administration could suppress the intestinal inflammation and reduce the mucosal damage following TBI.
- Published
- 2010