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Background and Objectives: In the progression and development of atherosclerosis, resistin plays a significant role. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), frequently associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits a marked increase in morbidity and mortality rates. This study set out to explore the association between aortic stiffness and serum levels of resistin in non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients ranging from stages 3 to 5. Materials and Methods: We collected fasting blood samples from 240 CKD patients across stages 3 to 5. The concentration of resistin in serum was determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. Those patients who exhibited a carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) greater than 10 m/s were identified as the aortic stiffness group. Results: Out of the 240 CKD patients, 88 (36.7%) were classified within the aortic stiffness group. This group demonstrated higher incidences of diabetes, advanced age, increased body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and serum resistin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted resistin, diabetes, and body weight as independent predictors of aortic stiffness. Additionally, body fat mass, logarithmically transformed cfPWV (log-cfPWV) values and log-triglyceride levels were independent predictors of log-resistin levels by multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis. Conclusions: In CKD patients from stages 3 to 5, a positive correlation exists between elevated serum resistin levels and cfPWV values, identifying resistin as a potential predictor of aortic stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...