Search

[Objectives] To establish the quality standard for Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium. [Methods] Qualitative identification was performed by methods of origin identification, microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography (TLC); the moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and extract were detected using the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition), and the contents of quercetin and kaempferol were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). [Results] The leaves of Euonymi Grandiflorus were subleathery, narrow and long elliptic or narrow obovate with cyme, and capsules were often with narrow wing ridge. Characteristics of microscopic identification were significant. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals, cubic crystals, inlaid parenchyma cells, starch granules, stomata, and fiber bundles could be observed. A TLC method for identification of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium was established. The contents of water, total ash, acid - insoluble ash were not higher than 13%, 9%, 12%, respectively; the extract were no less were not higher than 13%, 9%, 12% and 17% in ten batches of samples, respectively; the sum of quercetin and kaempferol were no less than 0.20%. [Conclusions] The quality standard of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium were established through the research. This method is accurate, specific, and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Bupleurum falcatum Linne interplanted with walnut in Ganluo and study the development and utilization value of other parts. [Methods] The contents of saikosaponins a and d were determined with RP-HPLC, and the contents of 7 kinds of harmful elements were determined by ICP-MS. The quality of B. falcatum Linne was compared with that of other Bupleurum species. [Results] The total saikosaponin content in Radix Bupleurum Falcatum (15.894 mg/g) was higher than that in Radix Bu-pleuri of other origins (8.748 mg/g). The total saikosaponin content in leaves of B. falcatum Linne (7.518 mg/g) is more than twice the limit promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The contents of Al, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb and Hg in B. falcatum Linne were all lower than the limits promulgated by the pharmacopoeia. In short, the quality of Radix Bupleurum Falcatum was better than that of Radix Bupleurum Marginatum (S3, S4) and Radix Bupleurum Sachalinense (S5). The leaves of B. falcatum Linne contained more saikosaponins and less harmful elements. [Conclusions] The method and technology of interplanting B. falcatum Linne with walnut in Ganluo are mature. The quality of the medicinal materials produced is superior, and the leaves are also rich in saikosaponins a and d, and can be used as the raw material for extracting saikosaponins a and d. This study provides a basis for further in-depth research on the cultivation of B. falcatum Linne in the domestic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the inhibiting effect of Obazema on proliferation of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and its mechanism. [Methods] BGC-823 cells were treated with high, medium and low concentrations of drug-containing serum (0.316%, 0.158% and 0. 079%) for 0,48,72 and 96 h, respectively. Then, the proliferation of the cells was detected with CCK-8 method, and the expression of related proteins, B lymphocytoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), protein kinase B (Akt) and glyceralde- hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was detected using Western blotting. [Results] The proliferation of the BGC-823 cells was significantly inhibited with different doses of Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. ex Meisn. var. albiflora (CH) and B. sessilicarpa Lévl. (S) (P <0.01), in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. The inhibition of high-dose S on cell proliferation was similar to that of CTX 48 h after administration; the inhibition of high-dose CH on cell proliferation was significantly stronger than that of CTX (P <0. 01) ; different doses of drug administration groups significantly inhibited the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 in the BGC-823 cells; the inhibition of high-dose CH on the expression of P-Akt and Bcl-2 and the inhibition of medium-dose CH on the expression of Bcl-2 were significantly stronger than that of CTX (P <0.05, P <0.01), in a certain dose-dependent manner; at the same dose, the inhibition of CH on the expression of the proteins was stronger than that of S (P <0.05, P <0.01) ; administration of S and CH significantly inhibited the expression of GAPDH compared with CTX (P<0.05, P<0.01). [Conclusions] Obazema has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cells. The mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2, and GAPDH may be the target gene of its anti-tumor mechanism. The inhibiting effect of CH on BGC-823 cells was more significantly than that of S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study aimed to determine the total coumarin content and antioxidant activity in vitro of Obazema, a Yi Medicine. [Methods] The extraction process of coumarin from Obazema was optimized by response surface method, and the total contents of coumarin in different sources and different parts of Obazema were compared. With Vc, chlorogenic acid and citric acid as positive controls, the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of different parts of Obazema was determined. [ Results] The optimum extraction process for coumarin from Obazema were as follows: 80% ethanol, solid to liquid ratio 1;67, extraction time 120 min and extraction temperature 57 Yi. The total contents of coumarin in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levi, and B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. were 7.75, 6.50, 33. 45 and 44.35, and 8.1,4.6, 17.8 and 18.7 mg/g, respectively. The free radicle-scavenging activity of coumarin from Obazema had certain dose-effect relationship, and was slightly stronger than that of the positive drugs. Under the phenanthroline-Fe2* method, the free radicle-scavenging activity ranked as B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. > B. sessilicarpa Levi. > Vc > citric acid > chlorogenic acid ; under the DPPH method, the free radicle-scavenging activity ranked as B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. > B. sessilicarpa Levi. > Vc > chlorogenic acid > citric acid; and under the ABST3 * method, the free radicle-scavenging capacity ranked was in the order as B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. > B. sessilicarpa Levi. > Vc > chlorogenic acid > citric acid. [ Conclusions] There are significant differences in coumarin content between different sources and different parts of Obazema. When coumarin is used as the main active substance, Obazema is better harvested during the flowering period, and the free radicle-scavenging activity of B. sessilicarpa Levi, is higher than that of B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. The antioxidant activity of the flower-fruit ethanol extracts of B. sessilicarpa Levi, and B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. is stronger than that of the commonly used antioxidants such as Vc, chlorogenic acid and citric acid, which is related to antioxidant components in the ethanol extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To analyze the similarities of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levi. and Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Meiss by the common and Valiant peak ratio dual indicator sequence method. [Methods] Four different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) were used to extract the chemical components of different polar regions of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. UV-visible spectrophotometry (second derivative method ) was used to collect the fingerprints of different solvent extracts, and common and Valiant peak peak ratios were analyzed for the absorption peak data. [Results] The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio data of ground parts of B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa was S2:S5 (46.2(54.2, 62.5)), compared with the data of other groups, the common peak ratio was the largest, thus the components of ground parts of B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa were closest and had the largest similarities ; the common peak ratio and Valiant peak ratio data of the components extracted by chloroform from B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa was Y2: Y6 (54.2(38.5, 46.2)), compared with the data of other groups, the variant peak ratio was the smallest, thus, the chemical components near the chloroform polarity of two kinds of medicinal materials had the largest similarities and smallest differences. [Conclusions] This method is simple and easy to operate, and the ultraviolet fingerprint data of four different polar organic solvent extracts ale used for comprehensive analysis, and the results have high specificity and high accuracy. Besides, there ale certain similarities and also differences between the chemical components of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. It is expected to provide a new evaluation method for the Valiety quality of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To establish infrared fingerprints of different parts of Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. ex Meissn. and Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl. (two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema) and analyze the similarity between them. [Methods] The infrared fingerprints of powder of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb. ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl. were measured, and the common peak rate and variation peak rate of six samples were calculated to establish the sequence analysis method of common peak rate. [Results] There was a very high common peak rate (≥81.3%) and a very low variation peak rate (≤15.4%) between S1 and S4 as well as S2 and S6. There was a low common peak rate between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4, and the common peak rate was 42.9% and 47.6% respectively. There was a low common peak rate (≤47.6%) and a high variation peak rate (≥100.0%) between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4. [Conclusions] The method is simple and convenient to operate, can quickly identify different parts used as medicine of B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl. (two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema), and provide a new method to judge whether the two are equivalent when being used as medicine and quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To determine the water content, total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material "Qibujing", so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft) of Yi Medicinal Material "Qibujing" in Sichuan Province. [Methods] According to the second method(drying method) in 0832 water content determination method and 2301 ash content determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition), it was determined, respectively, and the data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and DPS 7.05 data processing system. [Results] All the 14 batches of sample met the stipulation that the water content should not exceed 12.0%, the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%, and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5% under "Guan Zhong-(Qibujing)" in the 2005 edition of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard. There was a negative correlation between water content, acid-insoluble ash content and altitude, and a positive correlation between total ash content and altitude. [Conclusions] It is suggested that Quality Standard(Draft) of Yi Medicinal Material "Qibujing" in Sichuan Province stipulate that the water content should not exceed 12.0%, the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%, and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Obbectives] Volatile oil components of traditional drug use site "root and rhizome" of N. jatamansi and herb were identified and contrasted, which aimed to provide the basis for rationally using wild N. jatamanss resource. [Methods] Volatile oil components from different sites of N. jatamanss were identified and isolated by GC-MS. [Results] There were 56 kinds of volatile oil components from diiferent sites of N. jatamansi, in which 39 components from herb of N. jatamansi, 39 components from root and rhizome of N. jatamansi, and there were 22 common components. But 1 component in higher concentration had obvious diiference. [Conclusions] The herb of N. jatamanss could not completely replace "root and rhizome" of N. jatamanss as the medicine, which was consistent with prior detection result of each physicochemical index from diiferent sites of N. jatamansi. The research could provide the reference for making quality standard of N. jatamanss medicine and ration! basis for its further research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To identify origina plant and traits of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae, and provide experimental data for its identification and application. [Methods] The original plant, traits, and microscopic identification were used. [Results] Essential identification characteristics of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albifarae: small leaf was 1 - 2.5cm long, while the gynophore was 4 - 8mm long when bearing fruit; traits mainly included characteristic odor, strong and bitter taste, and spicy favor; microscopic exclusive identifying characteristics: rich aleurone grain in the root; leaf had lysigenous secretory cavity, and non-glandular hairs and oil droplets were common. [Conclusions] Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae (Ebaema) has distinctive identifying characteristics in origina plant, traits, and microscopic tissues. This study is expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standard for Yi medicine Ebaema, and to provide basis for its further research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Obbectives] To study the original plant, Crude herb and microscopic identification of Yi Crude herb Pholidota chinensis Lindl., and provide experimental data for identification and application. [Methods] Plant identification, character identification, powder identification and paraffin section identification were adopted in the study. [Results] The characteristics of Yi Crude herb of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. were obvious in the original plant, Crude herb and microscopic characteristics. [Conclusions] This paper provided reference for developing quality standards of Yi Crude herb Pholidota chinensis Lindl. and original plant identification, and provided the basis for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To study the antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of Gynura segetum in vitro, so as to provide experimental basis for further study and utilization of medicinal resources of G. segetum. [Methods] The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of G. segetum was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometer using DPPH free radical scavenging method and ABTS* free radical scavenging method. [Results] The scavenging rates of DPPH and ARTS * by acetone extract were high, reaching 98. 9% and 98.3%, respectively; the scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS * by water extract was the lowest, and the scavenging rates were 76.7% and 77.5%, respectively. The order of ABTS * radical scavenging rate of samples extracted with different extractants was as follows : S5 (acetone extract) > S1 (ethyl acetate extract) >S4(ethanol extract) >S4(n-butanol extract) > S3 [methanol extract) > S2 (distilled water extract) ; the order of DPPH radical scavenging rate of samples extracted with different extractants was as follows: S5(acetone extract) >S2 (ethyl acetate extract) > S4 (n-butanol extract) > S6(ethanol extract) >S3(methanol extract) > S2(distilled water extract). [Conclusions] The extracts of acetone, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, anhydrous ethanol, methanol and distilled water from the roots of G. segetum had obvious scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS *, all had antioxidant components, and acetone had the highest antioxidant effect as an extractant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study aimed to optimize the medium-pressure preparation process of high-purity ginsenoside Rg1 from triol saponins. [Methods] The reversed-phase C18 chromatographic separation method was used, and the purity and yield of ginsenoside Rg1 were examined as indicators. [Results] The diameter-height ratio of the C18 column was 1∶ 3. 25. Triol saponins of 0. 2 times the volume of the column were loaded with 20% ethanol. At the elution flow rate of 8 BV/h, 1, 3 and 0.5 times the volume of the column was eluted with 30%, 30%-40% and 40% ethanol, respectively. Crude ginsenoside Rg1 was concentrated, dissolved in 4-time-voume 95% ethanol, added with 0. 5%activated carbon, refluxed for 40 min, and dried to obtain good-quality ginsenoside Rg1. [Conclusions] After purification, ginsenoside Rg1 with purity higher than 99. 5% can be isolated from triol saponins. The medium-pressure preparation process of ginsenoside Rg1 with purity higher than 99. 5% is provided for the first time. It has been proved by many experiments that the process is stable, feasible and reproducible, and can be used for industrial scale-up production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To identify the species of purple flower of Allium in Jiucaiping, Hezhang County of Guizhou, and provide reference data for scientific and reasonable development of this plant resources. [Methods] Botanical origin was identified to the species of wild purple flower of Allium and morphological identification and microscopic identification were adopted to make pharmacognostic study. [Results] Wild purple flower of Allium was Allium wallichiii Kunth; in botanical origin, morphological and microscopic aspects, it had special and distinctive characteristics from Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng. [Conclusions] In botanical origin, morphological, and microscopic aspects, the identification characteristics were distinctive. This study was expected to provide reference for identification and formulation of quality standard for botanical origin and medicinal plant of Allium wallichii Kunth, and provide fundamental experimental data for scientific and reasonable use of this large area wild purple flower of Allium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To establish the technical parameters, enrichment and purification procedures of total glycosides from Acanthopanax giraldii Harms with macroporous resin. [Methods] A LP-PLC method was adopted to determine the content of total glycosides in A. giraldii Harms, and with the elation efficiency of syringin and oleanolic acid as the index, the adsorption characteristics and elation parameters of the enrichment and purification procedures were tested from 10 kinds of macroporous resin. [Results] The method was good for determining the content of total glycosides. X-5 was the best of macroporous resin; the optimal concentration of total glycosides solution extracted from A. giraldii Harms was 0. 30 I crude POWDER/ML; the best HP of the powder solution was 10; static adsorption lasted for 8 h; the best dosage of 80% ethanol was 4 BV. [Conclusions] These results were accurate and repeatable; X-5 macroporous resin was the best one for enrichment and purification procedures of total glycosides from A. giraldii Harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Hyperoside in Acanthopanax setchuenensis Harms ex Diels and A. leucorrhigus var. fulvescens Harms & Rehd was identified qualitatively by LC-MS, and a RP-HPLC method was established to determine the content of hyperoside in their different medicinal parts. [Methods] The analysis was carried out at 30 °C on a Kromasil C18 column eluted with a mobile phase consisted of methanol (A) and 0.5% phosphate in water (B). The detection wavelength was 358 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. [Results] The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 2. 50 - 25.00 [µg/mL, the regression equation was Y - 4 X 106 X +1.327 X 104 (r = 0. 999 9). The average recovery was 100.25%, with RSD of 0. 96% (n-9). [Conclusions] This method was simple, accurate and replicable, and it was useful for the study of the quality control of A setchuenensis Harms ex Diels and A. leucorrhigus var. fulvescens Harms & Rehd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Obbective] To optimize the extraction technology of total saponins from AUiumwallichii Kunth. [Methods] Effects of liquid-solid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time were researched by single factor test. Extraction technology of total saponins from A. walllchii Kunth was optimized by L9 (34) orthogonal test. [Results] The optimal extraction technology was 50:1 mL/g liquid- solid ratio, 60% ethanol concentration, 2.5 h extraction time and 50 °C extraction temperature. Under this condition, the extraction rate of total saponins from A. walllchii Kunth was 1.20%. [Conclusions] This extraction technology was simple and convenient, and could be used for the extraction of total saponins from A. walllchii Kunth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To identify original plant and traits of Yi medicine Mubaribo (Verbenae herba) and provide effective experimental data for its identification and application. [Methods] The original plant, traits, and microscopic identification were used. [Results] Stem was square, the edges of basal leaves usually had rough saw teeth and notches; most cauline leaves were three parted, edges of lobes have uneven saw teeth, both edges had hard hair; spikes were terminal and axiilary, thin and delicate; coroHa was light purple to blue. Epidermal cells of stem were long polygon! or quasi-rectangular, vertical waH was straight with pores; lower epidermal ceHs of leaves were vertid to waH and took on wavy bending; pores were infinitive or anisocytic; 3 - 5 subsidiary ceHs; 4 glandularscale head ceHs, stalk single ceH, non-glandular single ceH; poUen grains were quasi-circular or quasi-triangular, smooth surface, and 3 germination apertures. [Conclusions] Yi medicine Mubaribo has distinctive identifying characteristics in origina plant, traits, and microscopic tissues. This study is expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standad for Yi medicine Mubaribo, and to provide basis for its further reseach and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]