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The management of retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type A aortic dissection (TAAD) has rarely been reported. We report the management of RTAD after TEVAR with in situ fenestration for TAAD.A 59-year-old man with TAAD had undergone TEVAR with in situ fenestration 4 months prior to presenting to our emergency room complaining of acute chest and back pain. Computed tomography angiography showed RTAD starting from the proximal endograft and extending to the aortic root.The patient was diagnosed with RTAD.We performed only the Bentall procedure, and the patient did not require total arch replacement. We removed the bare spring of the proximal endograft and anastomosed the prosthetic graft with the endograft and the native ascending aortic wall.The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained asymptomatic for 3 years after surgery. Computed tomography angiography at the 3-year follow-up showed no perivalvular or anastomotic leakage.RTAD after TEVAR for TAAD was safely and effectively treated by anastomosing the prosthetic graft with the endograft and the native ascending aortic wall instead of total arch replacement.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of minimally invasive puncture treatment by positioning the simple bedside for spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. From January 2017 to March 2018, the investigators applied simple bedside positioning to perform the intracranial hematoma minimally invasive surgery for 21 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage. For these 21 patients, the bleeding amount and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score before the operation were 18.5 ± 5.0 cc and 9.5 ± 3.3, respectively; 24 hours after the operation, the GCS score was 11.0 ± 4.6. Five patients died within 7 days of the operation and the head computed tomography (CT) was re-examined. It was found that the average bleeding amount was 3.4 ± 0.9 cc, the operation success rate was 76.2%, and the accurate puncture rate was 100%. Six months later, the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score was 2.5 ± 2.0. The postoperative recovery was good. The situation shows that patients with favorable outcomes (MRS score 0–2) accounted for 38.1% (8/21), and the fatality rate was 33.3% (7/21). The efficacy of the intracranial hematoma minimally invasive surgery by positioning the simple bedside for spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage with severe brainstem dysfunction is good.

A clinically useful immune biomarker could potentially assist clinicians in their decision making. We stimulated T-cell proliferation to secret interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by phytohemagglutinin, and then measured the production of IFN-γ (mitogen value [M value]). We aimed to determine the relationship between the M value, clinical severity, and outcomes of diseases. In all, 484 patients admitted to intensive care units were enrolled in this retrospective study. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores were collected within the first 24 hours. M value, C-reaction protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and routine blood tests were analyzed and collected during the study. When APACHE II scores were greater than 15 and M values were less than 6, the hospital mortality rose in a straight line. There was an inverse correlation between APACHE II score and M value (rs = −0.212, P

Introduction: The morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction patients still remains high after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury is one of the important reasons. Although the phenomenon of MIR injury can paradoxically reduce the beneficial effects of myocardial reperfusion, there currently remains no effective therapeutic agent for preventing MIR. Previous studies have shown that Yiqi Liangxue Shengji prescription (YLS) is effective in improving clinical symptoms and ameliorating the major adverse cardiovascular events of coronary heart disease patients undergoing PCI. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of YLS in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after PCI. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-central clinical trial. A total of 140 participants are randomly allocated to 2 groups: the intervention group and the placebo group. Based on routine medications, the intervention group will be treated with YLS and the placebo group will be treated with YLS placebo. All participants will receive a 8-week treatment and then be followed up for another 12 months. The primary outcome measures are N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction. Secondary outcomes are plasma levels of microRNA-145, plasma cardiac enzyme, and Troponin I levels in blood samples, changes in ST-segment in ECG, Seattle Angina Questionnaire, the efficacy of angina symptoms, and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. All the data will be recorded in case report forms and analyzed by SPSS V.17.0. Discussion: The trial will investigate whether the postoperative administration of YLS in patients with AMI after PCI will improve cardiac function. And it explores microRNAs (miRNA)-145 as detection of blood-based biomarkers for AMI by evaluating the relation between miRNAs in plasma and cardiac function. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry identifier ChiCTR2000038816. Registered on October 10, 2020.

Rationale: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach is prone to relapse and metastasis after traditional surgical treatment, and the prognosis is also poor. We improved the concept of treatment and conducted cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) combined with intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV) chemotherapy for a gastric signet-cell carcinoma patient. Patient concerns: A 65-year-old male patient with complaint of intermittent hematemesis for over 10 days was referred to our hospital for treatment. The patient developed hematemesis of 800 mL without obvious causes on May 27, 2015, accompanied by dizziness and amaurosis fugax. After the bleeding was stopped with medicinal treatment, diagnostic gastroscopy revealed an ulcer at the less curvature of the stomach, with biopsy pathology diagnosis as severe atypical hyperplasia, which was confirmed to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma by a second biopsy. In past medical history, the patient had 5 coronary stents implanted because of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 3 years ago. Diagnosis: Gastric cancer (cT4NxMx) according to the patient's history and biopsy pathology. Interventions: the patient was treated surgery-based multidisciplinary treatments integrating CRS + HIPEC and IP + IV adjuvant chemotherapy. The CRS was curative distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, and HIPEC was cisplatin 120 mg plus mitomycin C 30 mg at 43 °C, for 60 minutes. Final pathological diagnosis of after surgery was: poorly differentiate adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells, with invasion beyond the serosal layer and into the duodenum, 10/23 lymph nodes positive, nerve invasion, vascular tumor thrombi, Borrmann type IV, Lauren type diffuse. TNM stage was pT4aN3M0, IIIC. After operation, the patient received 6 courses of IV chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil/Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil Potassium capsules, and IP chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin. Outcomes: Regular follow-up till July 20, 2020, revealed that the patient has a disease-free survival of over 61+ months. Lessons: CRS + HIPEC combined with IP + IV chemotherapy achieved long-term disease-free survival for this patient with gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma and deserve further study. This new treatment modality deserves appropriate consideration in routine clinical practice for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Rationale: Desmoplastic fibroma of the bone (DFB) is an extremely rare benign bone tumor, which can occur in any bone at all ages. Herein, we report a case of non-specific imaging findings. Patient concerns: A 25-year-old female patient was consulted in the Armed Police General Hospital (Beijing, China) due to repeated pain in the right thigh lasting over 1 year. Imaging examination revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right femur. Diagnosis: Desmoplastic fibroma of the femur Interventions: Wide surgical resection Outcomes: At the 1-year follow-up visit, no relapse in the tumor was observed. Lessons: In this case report, we described and emphasized the particularity of the case examined and the possible non-specificity of the imaging results of some DFB cases.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: Orofacial clefts include cleft lip only (CLO), cleft palate only (CPO), and cleft lip with palate (CLP). Previously, we reported the expression profile of plasma microRNAs in CLO, CPO, and CLP, respectively. However, the interaction of each subtype remains poorly investigated. Methods: In this study, we integrated the expression profiles of plasma miRNAs in these 3 subtypes, and assessed the distinct and overlapping dysregulated miRNAs using Venn diagrams. Their respective target genes reported in the literature were further analyzed using pathway analysis. Results and conclusion: The results showed that distinct or overlapping signaling pathways were involved in CLO, CPO, and CLP. The common key gene targets reflected functional relationships to the Wnt, Notch, TGF-beta, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. Further studies should examine the mechanism of the potential target genes, which may provide new avenues for future clinical prevention and therapy.

Rationale: Pipkin III fracture, which is characterized by high risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, is extremely rare. It is more difficult to treat and has a worse prognosis when accompanied with severe acetabular fractures. Few studies show that both Pipkin type III femoral head fracture–dislocation and complicated acetabular fracture presented in one patient. Patient concerns: A 34-year-old male suffered a terrible traffic accident with a serious damage to the left side when he was sitting in the car's cockpit. Pelvic radiograph and 3-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography revealed characteristics of fractures before the emergency operation. Diagnosis: Pipkin III fractures combined with complicated acetabular fracture. Interventions: Firstly, we used combined anterior and posterior approach for treatment to fix the femoral head fractures. Then, we completed anatomical reduction of fractures with countersunk head screw, hollow screw, and reconstruction plate. Outcomes: At the 12-months follow-up, the patient could walk freely and perform activities of daily living without necrosis of femoral head and heterotopic ossification. Lessons: Although there are serious complications in Pipkin III fractures combined with complicated acetabular fracture, early surgical treatment with appropriate approach and fixation could get satisfactory results.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Rationale: Adequate future liver remnant (FLR) volume is often a concern for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure can rapidly lead to impressive growth of FLR. We describe the technique of an entirely laparoscopic radiofrequency-assisted liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (RALPP) in a cirrhotic patient with HCC. Patient concerns: A 33 year-old female cirrhotic patient with HCC in the right liver was indicated for RALPP as the predicted future liver remnant (FLR) was 21%. Diagnoses: HCC with liver cirrhosis. Interventions: The first surgery consisted of ligation of the right portal vein and radiofrequency ablation of the liver without parenchymal transection. Three weeks postoperatively, FLR reached 42%, and the patient underwent right hepatectomy. Outcomes: Operative times for the both surgeries were 60 and 240 minutes respectively, with negligeable blood loss. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, and the FLR reached 53% 1 week after the second procedure. No recurrence occurred at 10 months. Lessons: Laparoscopic RALPP is feasible in some cirrhotic patients with liver cancer that in line with the indications and this method may be a superior choice for selected cirrhotic patients with HCC, as it decreases potential morbidity associated with open surgery.

To establish a risk scoring system for predicting locoregional recurrence (LRR) and explore the potential value of radiotherapy in T1 to T2 node-negative breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy. From January 2001 to February 2008, a total of 353 node-negative T1 to T2 breast cancer cases treated with mastectomy without adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Preliminary screening of the prognostic factors was accomplished by Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis, and survival curves between different groups were compared by log-rank test. Risk factors were determined using Cox proportional hazards model. A categorical risk scoring system was generated according to the Cox model, weighing the relative importance of each risk variable. Median follow-up was 115.7 months (range, 1.2–238.4 months). The overall 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 89.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 86.7%–92.9%). Chest wall (53.8%) was found to be the most common site of LRR, followed by supraclavicular nodes (48.7%). Age ≤40 years, primary tumor size ≥4.5 cm and number of nodes resected ≤10 were found to be independent factors for poor prognosis of LRR. Two risk stratifications based on the scoring system were subsequently obtained. The 5-year LRFS was 91.6% (95% CI = 88.5%–94.7%) with low risk (score

To investigate whether serum resistin correlated with hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, or insulin resistance (IR) in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and their first-degree relatives (DFDRs) in a case–control observational study. We determined the serum levels of resistin, plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin, and performed clinical assessments of hypertension, obesity, and IR for 42 T2DM patients, 74 of their DFDRs, and 51 healthy control participants with no family history of T2DM (NC group). The biochemical and clinical variables were compared between the 3 groups, and relationships between serum resistin and the other variables were evaluated using a Pearson correlation analysis. Significant trends were observed in the triglyceride, HbA1c, and resistin levels, in which the values observed in the DFDR group were intermediate to those of the T2DM and NC groups (P

Although cosmetic facial soft tissue fillers are generally safe and effective, improper injections can lead to devastating and irreversible consequences. We represent the first known case of posterior ciliary artery occlusion caused by hyaluronic acid. A 41-year-old female presented with right visual loss 7 hours after receiving cosmetic hyaluronic acid injections into her forehead. Examination revealed no light perception in the right eye and multiple dark ischemic area of injection over the forehead and nose. The right fundus revealed a pink retina with optic nerve edema. Fluorescein angiogram showed several filling defects in the choroidal circulation and late hyperfluorescence in the choroid. A right posterior ciliary artery occlusion and embolic occlusion of facial artery braches was diagnosed. With hyaluronidase injection, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, oral aspirin, oral acetazolamide and dexamethasone venotransfuse treatment, the patient's forehead and nasal skin improved and vision recovered to hand movements. With proper technique, vascular occlusion is rare following facial filler injection. Vision consequences can be severe if filler emboli enter the ocular circulation. Physicians should be aware of this potential side effect, recognize its presentation, and be knowledgeable of effective management.

Case series study. To report the clinical outcomes of posterior temporary C1-2 fixation for 3-part fracture of the axis (Type II odontoid fracture according to Grauer classification combined with Hangman fracture). The 3-part fracture of the axis is rare and the treatment is controversy. A total of 8 patients with 3-part fracture of the axis were included in this study. X-rays, CT, and MRI prior to surgery were used to evaluate the cervical spine injury. Grauer classification, fracture angulation, and fracture translation were used to evaluate the fracture of dens. The neck disability index (NDI) and range of neck rotary motion were used to assess the neck function. The preoperative fracture angulation and fracture translation were 4.6 ± 1.3° and 2.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The average operation time and blood loss were 109 ± 27 minutes and 49 ± 15 mL. No infection, vascular injuries or neural structure injuries was observed. All patients acquired bone healing at 5.9 ± 2.0 months. The temporary instrumentation was removed at 10.8 ± 1.3 months. The average NDI before and 2 days after removal of instrumentation were 10.1 ± 4.0 and 7.1 ± 3.0, respectively. At 1-year follow-up after instrumentation removal, the NDI was 1.8 ± 0.7, which was much better than immediate NDI after instrumentation removal. The neck rotary motion (left rotation + right rotation) before and 2-day after instrumentation removal were 70.4 ± 6.3° and 119.6 ± 13.1°, respectively. At 1-year follow-up, the average neck rotary motion was 153.1 ± 9.1°, which had significant different with rotary motion 2-day after the removal of temporary instrumentation. With regard to the high fracture fusion rates, low complications, and excellent predictable outcomes in patients treated with posterior temporary C1-2 pedicle screw fixation, the technique may be a suitable choice for 3-part fracture of the axis.

Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is a common complication of myocardial infarction. However, the optimal treatment for LVA remains controversial. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the early and long-term clinical consequences of surgical ventricular restoration on 102 patients who had undergone repair between January, 2005 and January, 2015. The LVA repair approaches comprised of patch plasty (n = 28), linear repair (n = 40), and plication repair (n = 34). Patient demographics were 60.8% male, and the mean age was 60.5 ± 7.2 years. The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.8% (8/102), including 6 patients who died from low cardiac output and 2 from multiorgan failure. During the early postoperative period, left ventricular sizes significantly decreased in the patch plasty and linear repair groups compared with the plication group. In addition, all 3 repair techniques greatly ameliorated left ventricular ejection fraction (P

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a progressive autoimmune disease that occurs as a result of the failure of neuromuscular transmission and is characterized by muscle weakness. There has been evidence on the correlations between the genetic predisposition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and the antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and MG. Thus, the present study was conducted to study is designed to examine the effects of CTLA-4 methylation on the pathogenesis of MG and the expressions of related cytokines. Methods: The CTLA-4 methylation levels in peripheral blood were quantified in 103 samples collected from MG patients and 86 samples from healthy individiuals. The expression of serum-related cytokines as well as the Treg cell ratio were examined so as to define the contributory role of CTLA-4 methylation in MG and to identify the interaction between CTLA-4 methylation and related factors, the expressions of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)l, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, CTLA-4, AchR-Ab, Titin-Ab, RyR-Ab, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β, activity of P- acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and E-AchE. Results: The results indicated that the incidence of CTLA-4 methylation was significantly higher in the control group when compared with the MG group, and CTLA-4 methylation was also found to be associated with the thymus status of MG patients. It was also observed from the experiment data that the expressions of DNMTl, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, along with the expressions of AchR-Ab, Titin-Ab, RyR-Ab, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β, and the activity of P-AchE and E-AchE were all higher in the MG group than in the control group, with a reduction of CTLA-4 expression. Another key finding from this study revealed that methylation interference can lead to the suppression in the expression of AchR-Ab, the activity of E-AchE, the expression of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β and the Treg cell ratio in lymphocytes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study highly indicated that CTLA-4 methylation might play a role in facilitating the occurrence of MG and increasing the expressions of related cytokines through the upregulation of AchR-Ab and E-Ach.

Liver resection may be beneficial in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), though the benefit of postoperative anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy in these patients remains unclear. In this study, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative anti-HBV for intermediate-stage HCC patients who underwent radical liver resection. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study enrolled 202 HCC patients who underwent liver resection and had a high HBV-DNA load. The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of postoperative anti-HBV therapy: group A included patients undergoing postoperative anti-HBV therapy, whereas group B patients did not receive any postoperative anti-HBV therapy. Factors including baseline demographics, tumor characteristics, overall long-term survival, tumor-free survival, and tumor recurrence rate were compared between the 2 groups. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors of HCC recurrence. Baseline demographics and tumor characteristics were comparable between the groups. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates in group A were 91.3%, 80.9%, and 66.1%, respectively, values that were significantly increased compared with group B (91.7%, 60.7%, and 52.4%, respectively, P = .019). Group A patients also exhibited enhanced 1-, 3-, and 5-year tumor-free survival compared with group B patients (87.0%, 67.0%, and 62.6%, respectively, in group A; 82.1%, 50.0%, and 42.9% in group B, P = .002). In addition, the tumor recurrence rate in group B was significantly increased compared with group A (P

To establish a risk scoring system for predicting locoregional recurrence (LRR) and explore the potential value of radiotherapy in T1 to T2 node-negative breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy. From January 2001 to February 2008, a total of 353 node-negative T1 to T2 breast cancer cases treated with mastectomy without adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Preliminary screening of the prognostic factors was accomplished by Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis, and survival curves between different groups were compared by log-rank test. Risk factors were determined using Cox proportional hazards model. A categorical risk scoring system was generated according to the Cox model, weighing the relative importance of each risk variable. Median follow-up was 115.7 months (range, 1.2–238.4 months). The overall 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 89.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 86.7%–92.9%). Chest wall (53.8%) was found to be the most common site of LRR, followed by supraclavicular nodes (48.7%). Age ≤40 years, primary tumor size ≥4.5 cm and number of nodes resected ≤10 were found to be independent factors for poor prognosis of LRR. Two risk stratifications based on the scoring system were subsequently obtained. The 5-year LRFS was 91.6% (95% CI = 88.5%–94.7%) with low risk (score

Although cosmetic facial soft tissue fillers are generally safe and effective, improper injections can lead to devastating and irreversible consequences. We represent the first known case of posterior ciliary artery occlusion caused by hyaluronic acid. A 41-year-old female presented with right visual loss 7 hours after receiving cosmetic hyaluronic acid injections into her forehead. Examination revealed no light perception in the right eye and multiple dark ischemic area of injection over the forehead and nose. The right fundus revealed a pink retina with optic nerve edema. Fluorescein angiogram showed several filling defects in the choroidal circulation and late hyperfluorescence in the choroid. A right posterior ciliary artery occlusion and embolic occlusion of facial artery braches was diagnosed. With hyaluronidase injection, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, oral aspirin, oral acetazolamide and dexamethasone venotransfuse treatment, the patient's forehead and nasal skin improved and vision recovered to hand movements. With proper technique, vascular occlusion is rare following facial filler injection. Vision consequences can be severe if filler emboli enter the ocular circulation. Physicians should be aware of this potential side effect, recognize its presentation, and be knowledgeable of effective management.

To evaluate the effects and toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) combined with androgen deprivation (AD) for bone oligometastases after primary curative RT for prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively analyzed 30 consecutively treated PCa patients with bone oligometastases from April 2005 to July 2014. All patients underwent RT combined with AD for oligometastatic bones after curative RT for PCa. Measured outcomes included overall survival (OS) rate, local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), pain relief, and toxicities. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS17.0. The median follow-up was 32.5 months (range, 0.6–50.3). The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 22.8% (95% CI, 13.4–37.5%) and 69% (95% CI, 51.7–81.1%), respectively. The number of bone oligometastases and RT schedule were found to be significantly associated with OS on univariate analysis (P 1 metastases was 78.8% versus 42.2%, respectively (P = 0.037). The long-course RT was associated with better 3-year OS compared with short-course (76.4% vs 44.1%, P = 0.03). A total of 15 (83.3%, 15/18) patients achieved pain relief. No grade 3 toxicity was observed. Long-course RT combined with ADT was effective and well-tolerated in PCa patients with bone oligometastases after curative RT for PCa. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to corroborate the findings.