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Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism and is upregulated in cancer. However, the correlations of PYCR1 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of PYCR1 and its clinical relevance in RCC patients. PYCR1 mRNA expression differences between RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Subsequently, the expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunochemistry using 30 paired frozen samples of RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein expression of PYCR1 was evaluated by immunostaining formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of RCC samples from 96 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, and its relationship with clinical features were analyzed. Nonpaired t tests were used to statistically analyze the differences between the 2 groups. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival (OS) among RCC patients were performed. The expression of PYCR1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared to adjacent normal renal tissues in the TCGA database (P

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, The vitreous sample has been used for the diagnosis of uveitis and intraocular malignancy for decades. The sample volume is usually limited to 1 mL with current techniques. In the present study, a novel technique for higher amount of vitreous sample acquisition, that is, Binocular Indirect Ophthalmo Microscope-assistant gas-perfused pars plana vitrectomy (BAG-PPV) was invented. For diagnostic purpose, BAG-PPV with 23-ga vitrectomy system was performed on a 54-year-old Chinese male with the symptom of bilateral atypical uveitis. More than 3 mL of vitreous sample per eye was collected without any significant complications. Cytopathology was confirmed on the basis of cell surface markers and released cytokines by flow cytometry analysis and cytokine assays respectively. A monoclonal B-cell population with the pattern of CD5−, CD10−, cyKi67+, CD71+, FMC7+, CD23−, and kappa light chain single expression for the right eye and a monoclonal B-cell pattern with CD5−, CD10−, cyKi67+, and kappa light chain restriction for the left eye were identified. The cytokine assay revealed high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (90,838.30 and 41,098.0 pg/mL for the right and left eyes, respectively) and IL10/IL6 ratios for both eyes (with 90.78 and 63.26 for the IL10/IL6 ratios of the right and left eyes, respectively), while those for the cerebrospinal fluid were low (4.77 pg/mL for the IL10 level and 0.65 for the IL10/IL6 ratio). Based on the results, the patient was diagnosed with primary intraocular lymphoma for bilateral eyes. Our results demonstrated that diagnostic vitrectomy with BAG-PPV using the 23-ga vitrectomy system was safe, efficient, and able to provide useful diagnostic information for suspicious intraocular malignancy and other atypical uveitis.