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Public health restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically impacted children and youth's ability to engage in the recommended amount of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep ('movement behaviours') for optimal health. There is heightened concern of the impact of this sudden 'time out' of active play for our most vulnerable children and youth including those living with disabilities who have a higher prevalence of multiple chronic conditions and less access to PA. PURPOSE: To assess the acute and longer-term impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the movement behaviours and guideline adherence in Canadian children and youth with disabilities. METHODS: Parents of school-aged children and youth with disabilities completed an online survey to assess their child's previous 7-day PA, SB, and sleep. Parents' perceived changes in their child's movement behaviours between pre-COVID-19 and (a) April-May 2020 (time 1; N = 151) and (b) April-November 2020 (time 2; N = 87) were also assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze child behavioural patterns and guideline adherence. RESULTS: At time 1, 5.3%, 13.2%, and 66.2% of children and youth met the individual guidelines for PA, SB, and sleep, respectively. Only 1.3% of children and youth met all three movement guidelines. Similarly, at time 2, 7.2%, 20.7%, and 66.3% of children and youth met the individual guidelines for PA, SB and sleep, respectively; none met all three movement guidelines. Parents reported their child to spend less time in both outdoor (60% vs. 62.1%) and indoor (46% vs. 60.9%) PA, and more time in recreational screen time (83.5% vs. 77%) across time 1 and 2, respectively. The majority of parents reported their child's sleep quantity and quality to be the same as pre-pandemic levels for both time 1 (53.1% and 57.3%) and time 2 (77.6% and 64.4%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show very concerning PA and SB profiles of children and youth with disabilities over the early and subsequent periods of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-COVID-19. Immediate action at the programmatic and policy levels is need for more accessible and inclusive strategies to increase PA and reduce SB in this vulnerable population of children and youth. Supported by Canadian Tire Jumpstart Charities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interval exercise training can elicit physiological adaptations similar to those of traditional endurance training, but with reduced time. However, the intense nature of specific protocols, particularly the "all-out" efforts characteristic of sprint interval training (SIT), may be perceived as being aversive. The purpose of this study was to determine whether listening to self-selected music can reduce the potential aversiveness of an acute session of SIT by improving affect, motivation, and enjoyment, and to examine the effects of music on performance. Methods: Twenty moderately active adults (22 ± 4 yr) unfamiliar with interval exercise completed an acute session of SIT under two different conditions: music and no music. The exercise consisted of four 30-s "all-out" Wingate Anaerobic Test bouts on a cycle ergometer, separated by 4 min of rest. Peak and mean power output, RPE, affect, task motivation, and perceived enjoyment of the exercise were measured. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate changes in dependent measures over time and between the two conditions. Results: Peak and mean power over the course of the exercise session were higher in the music condition (coefficient = 49.72 [SE = 13.55] and coefficient = 23.65 [SE = 11.30]; P < 0.05). A significant time by condition effect emerged for peak power (coefficient = -12.31 [SE = 4.95]; P < 0.05). There were no between-condition differences in RPE, affect, or task motivation. Perceived enjoyment increased over time and was consistently higher in the music condition (coefficient = 7.00 [SE = 3.05]; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Music enhances in-task performance and enjoyment of an acute bout of SIT. Listening to music during intense interval exercise may be an effective strategy for facilitating participation in, and adherence to, this form of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]