1. ''Live High--Train Low and High'' Hypoxic Training Improves Team-Sport Performance.
- Author
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BROCHERIE, FRANCK, MILLET, GÉRGOIRE P., HAUSER, ANNA, STEINER, THOMAS, RYSMAN, JULIEN, WEHRLIN, JON P., and GIRARD, OLIVIER
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ALTITUDES , *ANALYSIS of variance , *HYPOXEMIA , *ATHLETIC ability , *BODY weight , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *HEMOGLOBINS , *JUMPING , *RESEARCH funding , *RUNNING , *STATISTICS , *STATURE , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *AEROBIC capacity , *PHYSICAL training & conditioning , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *TEAM sports , *ELITE athletes , *REPEATED measures design , *OXYGEN consumption , *BLIND experiment , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate physical performance and hematological changes in 32 elite male team-sport players after 14 d of ''live high-train low'' (LHTL) training in normobaric hypoxia (≥14 h·d-1 at 2800-3000 m) combined with repeated-sprint training (six sessions of four sets of 5 x 5-s sprints with 25 s of passive recovery) either in normobaric hypoxia at 3000 m (LHTL + RSH, namely, LHTLH; n = 11) or in normoxia (LHTL + RSN, namely, LHTL; n = 12) compared with controlled ''live low-train low'' (LLTL; n = 9) training. Methods: Before (Pre), immediately after (Post-1), and 3 wk after (Post-2) the intervention, hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured in duplicate [optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method], and vertical jump, repeated-sprint (8 x 20 m-20 s recovery), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (YYIR2) performances were tested. Results: Both hypoxic groups similarly increased their Hbmass at Post-1 and Post-2 in reference to Pre (LHTLH: +4.0%, P < 0.001 and +2.7%, P < 0.01; LHTL: +3.0% and +3.0%, both P < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in LLTL. Compared with Pre, YYIR2 performance increased by ~21% at Post-1 (P < 0.01) and by ~45% at Post-2 (P < 0.001), with no difference between the two intervention groups (vs no change in LLTL). From Pre to Post-1, cumulated sprint time decreased in LHTLH (-3.6%, P < 0.001) and LHTL (-1.9%, P < 0.01), but not in LLTL (-0.7%), and remained significantly reduced at Post-2 (-3.5%, P < 0.001) in LHTLH only. Vertical jump performance did not change. Conclusions: ''Live high-train low and high'' hypoxic training interspersed with repeated sprints in hypoxia for 14 d (in season) increases the Hbmass, YYIR2 performance, and repeated-sprint ability of elite field team-sport players, with benefits lasting for at least 3 wk postintervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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