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Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant risk for patients and a tremendous burden on hospitals and healthcare systems. Because they can significantly affect treatment outcomes, rigorous surveillance and prevention strategies are key interventions against their occurrence. With the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, further aggravated throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become challenging to find viable therapeutic options. This is particularly the case in intensive care units, where pathogens exhibit the highest resistance rates. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections comprises continuous monitoring of causative agents, infection types, and the degree of antimicrobial resistance. Such data can inform intervention choices aimed at prevention, but they are critical in selecting the right empirical and targeted treatment. Alongside clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological data, economic analyses are an equally important aspect of healthcare-associated infection surveillance. They provide key insights into the financial burden on hospitals that are responsible for effective preventative measures. Serbia is, according to national data, a country with one of the lowest rates of healthcare-associated infections in Europe, but has one of the highest antimicrobial resistance rates in Europe. These findings point to a need for systemic changes, including more rational antibiotic use and education of the general public, but also of healthcare professionals, with the idea of preventing further progression and impact on treatment outcomes.

According to the most recent published data from 2020, cervical cancer is among the first five most frequently diagnosed cancers in the female population. It is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in young, working women during their reproductive period. Prevention of cervical cancer through screening programs has been applied since the 1960s, and the scientific community agrees that it is a highly preventable disease with a strong possibility for cure if detected in a premalignant and early malignant phase and effective treatment administrated without delay. Countries that effectively implement organized screening programs record a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. Their experience can be useful as a model for countries that still do not have established organized programs or have an unsatisfactory level of implementation or quality. These are mainly underdeveloped and developing countries, where exposure to risk factors is still very high, preventive activities are limited and consequently, the burden of cervical cancer is still at a very high level. The challenge remains how to adapt screening program strategies to the conditions of those countries, to achieve high coverage of the target population with a test of appropriate performance, to establish control over the increasing trend and in the coming decades, to reach the targeted decline in incidence and mortality rates. So far, it is the only malignant disease for which there is scientific evidence that it can be eliminated to a frequency that will no longer represent a public health problem. Reducing the incidence rates should be an effect that would be seen at the global level and to achieve it, it is necessary to strongly support countries in establishing adequate programs of prevention and early detection of cancer supported by effective treatment and care.

The burnout syndrome represents a set of symptoms arising in a situation of prolonged stress at the workplace, in professionally demanding situations. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment. One of the tools used to measure the level of burnout is MBI. It has often been criticized for conceptual, methodological and practical reasons; however, it is still considered the gold standard for assessing burnout and is used in 88% of all empirical studies. Factors that contribute to the development of burnout can be divided into organizational and individual factors. The complexity of work organization, as the crucial external factor, is reflected in the shaping of interpersonal relations, the establishment of hierarchies among employees, timely personnel planning and the need for professional training, which indirectly affects the degree of burnout of doctors. If one adds the need of doctors to engage in academic work, the failures in the medical system organization of the work are reflected in excessive working hours, devaluation of teaching work, inappropriate academic ranking, accumulation of engagements outside of teaching, pressure to publish papers and dissatisfaction with the criteria of scientific success. Personality traits can speed up or slow down the occurrence of burnout due to the nature of their influence. They play a big role in making this syndrome noticeable in extroverted people and vice versa, causing it to remain unrecognized and hidden in introverted people. Thus, they make it difficult for this syndrome to be registered and delay the provision of timely assistance. The occurrence of a burnout, which develops as a response to chronic professional stress, coupled with greater opportunities for professional development, better earnings and working conditions, as well as higher quality standards, are the key triggers of the migration of healthcare workers.

Introduction: The ongoing pandemic caused by Coronavirus has strongly initiated digital developments and closed in-person classes in higher education. In order to achieve remote high-quality online delivery, the learning method "flipped classroom" has been introduced to both students and teachers. The flipped classroom represents a type of blended learning aiming to increase students' engagement by preparing materials for learning at home and having faceto-face problem-solving during class time. Aim: To assess attitudes and perceptions of medical undergraduate students toward flipped classroom method of learning. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduate students attending Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade during January 2022, using online questionnaire. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 34 questions and was divided among six main sections: demographics, overall attitudes, communication, independence in learning, preparedness and motivation, and creative thinking and collaborative work. Results: A total of 60 medical students were included in the study. Two thirds of the students were female (75,0%), with the mean age of 23,48 ± 1,53 years. Most of the respondents were fifthand sixth-year students. The results of this study revealed that significant differences in perceptions of the students toward flipped classroom method of learning between gender and age group were found. Female and younger students had more positive attitudes toward flipped classroom than male and older students. Conclusion: Flipped classroom method of learning suits the demands of medical students at a university level, advancing their problem-solving skills and higher-order thinking. Bearing in mind that younger students had positive perceptions and attitudes toward flipped classroom method of learning, curriculum designers and educators should adjust the lessons and teaching methods strategies to students' preferences in order to help them to gain their full academic potential.

The aging society is facing an important public health problem related to provision of care to older and dependent people. The care provided on a daily basis includes a range of different social and health services, as well as the provision of emotional support to people who are not capable to function independently. Activities important for day by day functioning, such as bathing, dressing, feeding, shopping and health monitoring are only part of the responsibilities and obligations that the "invisible workforce", i.e. informal caregivers, must provide. Even though, regardless of the heavy price informal caregivers often pay with their economic and health status, they still remain a blind spot in public policies. An informal caregiver provides ongoing care and assistance, without receiving payment, to family members and friends who need support due to physical, cognitive or mental problems. Depression is one of the most common problems experienced by informal caregivers and it is estimated that a large number, in the range of 40% to about 70% of all informal caregivers have depression symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly left its mark on physical health, however, as the pandemic moves forward, it has began to show an ever increasing impact on the mental health of people around the world, where informal caregivers fall into a particularly vulnerable category. Particularly those informal caregivers who provide long-term help to a member of the family, became of an increased risk of emotional and physical exhaustion due to the burden of care, reduced services, as well as the relocation to consulting by telephone and the digital sphere. While some some of them managed to cope with stress and became resilient, others did not and the increasing psychological pressure led to the development of depression symptoms.

Even though it is considered to be the least demanding part while writing a paper, significant attention should be devoted to citing literature. By using citation, original authors are acknowledged, readers are directed to the used material, validity of the used sources is confirmed, evidence of current research is provided, and plagiarism is avoided. Numerous shortcomings in the citation of scientific literature have been recognized in recent times. Results of a recent meta-analysis showed that 25.4% of published scientific papers consisted of citation errors. The academic community encounters the problems of incorrect citations on a daily basis, and assessing the accuracy of citations requires considerable effort. Most researchers are aware of the presence of various citation errors, but few respect their presence, i.e., the consequences of the identified problem. Assessing the presence and type of inaccurate citations in the biomedical scientific literature, as well as identifying factors associated with their presence, is important for preserving the integrity of the academic community. To improve citation accuracy in the biomedical scientific literature, recommendations for authors, mentors, readers and editors should be implemented in academic environment. These recommendations would encourage good citation practice, prevent errors and promote progress throughout the scientific community.