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Introduction: Cheiloscopy is one of the investigative methods that utilises the anatomy and morphology of lips to identify individuals by their lip prints. Lip prints are a distinctive pattern made up of ridges and grooves on the labial mucosa, or sulci labiorum; cheiloscopy is the study of such patterns. Material and Methods: The study group comprised of 50 males and 50 females aged between 18 and 25 years in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh for a period of 1 year i.e., from August 2021 to September 2022. Results: Each individual lips were divided into 4 regions- upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left and a total of 400 lip regions (100x4) were assessed for 6 types of lip groove patterns- Type I, Type I', Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V as per the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The most common type of lip print pattern in males was Type III (32.5%) while in females it was Type II (36%). Conclusion: Lip prints are distinctive to each person and can be used to identify a person and ascertain their gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust nature of teeth and their ability to resist destruction, make them indispensable evidence in cases where human identification by a scientific method is required. Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry that combines knowledge of teeth and oral and maxillofacial region of a dentist with the legal system. Dental identification has proven to be a boon in disaster victim identification. Besides teeth, an odontologist can also help identify unknown domains from other features such as the palatal rugae, lip prints, frontal sinus, etc. Forensic Odontology can also assist in the biological profiling of human remains by sex determination, age assessment, racial profiling, and information about habits or pathologies from dental traits. Dental age estimation is a crucial part of the age estimation process in the medico-legal system. Research has shown that dental age estimation by studying mineralization and development of teeth in children and young adults can be fairly accurate and supplement skeletal age assessment. Biological profiling is required to be done for reconstructive identification by forensic facial reconstruction, especially in cold cases. Equipped with the expertise of dental structures, oral and maxillofacial region, overall skull anthropology, forensic odontology can contribute towards the identification of skeletonized, decomposed, or mutilated remains especially in cold cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print is an anatomical character of the human lips. In forensic identification, lip print patterns can lead us to important information and helps in person's identification. The grooves present on human lips (Sulci labiorum) are unique to each person and can be used to determine identity. Fingerprints, post-mortem reports and of late, DNA fingerprinting, have been successful in person identification in the field of forensic science. Just as in these method, lip prints can be instrumental in identifying a person positively and can be used to verify the presence or absence of a person at the scene of crime. Cheiloscopic techniques have an equal value in relation to other types of forensic evidences for personal identification. Material and Method: The study was conducted on 100 students of age group 18-25 yrs. Lip stick was applied on each individual and the lip-print was obtained on a paper. The lip impression patterns were studied, classified and recorded using magnifying lens with light. Result: Lip patterns are unique for the individual and no two patterns are identical to each other. In study population,Type III pattern was most common in male while In females predominant pattern was type I. Thus in medico legal case, due to clear differentiation in sexes it is easy to identify person and gender. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy can be reliable method for personal identification and gender dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most transgenders in India reside in secluded or in outskirts of society with very low status; they are often addressed in a very derogatory manner by the society. The Indian sub-continent displays a variety of studies undertaken by the cheiloscopic experts and most researchers could differentiate the two genders due to their characteristic lip pattern. Many of them carried out double blind study inorder to identify the gender on the basis of lip-patterns identified by them. But the "third gender" was left out and never taken into consideration. Present cheiloscopic study throws light on various lip-patterns present in them and whether they have characteristic patterns. The paper also reviews the relevance of various studies undertaken in Indian Subcontinent, social problems existing in transgenders and further explains cheiloscopic relevance in forensics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa, called as sulci labiorum forms a characteristic pattern called as "LIP PRINTS" and the study of which is referred to as CHEILOSCOPY. This is unique to an individual just like the fingerprints. The print patterns show some sexual dimorphic differences in distribution patterns. The study reveals that there is a statistically significant sex distinguishing features in the lip prints. The study reveals among other findings that * All quadrants different -variety of lip prints was seen most commonly in males * All quadrants same -variety of lip prints were common in females. * Type IV was seen most commonly in females whereas Type I, I1 and III occurred more in male lip prints. However the methodology used for recording and studying the prints is easy, economical and convenient. No specialized equipment or training is required to use this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing an individual's identity in post-mortem issues can be a very difficult and tedious process. Lip prints are considered to be unique and thus can lead us to important information and help in a person's identification. Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the use of lips prints in sex differentiation and to test the applicability of Tsuchihashi (1970) classification for identification of lip patterns and Vahanwala et al for identification of sex when applied to North Indian boys & girls. Methodology: A total of 150 subjects, 75 males and 75 females were selected from among the students of Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow while noting the name and sex of the respective individuals. After applying lip stick evenly, a lip impression was made. The lip print was then analyzed and interpreted to determine the sex of the individuals. Result: We found that 93.3% lip prints of males were correctly identified and 96.0% lip prints of females were correctly identified. Type 1' (40.0%) and Type 1 (37.3%) was most commonly seen in females and Type 3 (50.7%) was most commonly seen in males. Conclusion: Along with other available methods, cheiloscopy can also serve as a very important tool in the individual's identification based on the characteristics arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of the lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a personal identification is a difficult process. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common technique used in this context, allowing fast and secure identification process. Forensic methodology could serve as a very important tool in the field of oral medicine, diagnosis & radiology. The external surface of lips has many elevation and depression forming a characteristic pattern called lip prints, it is also known as cheiloscopy. The lip prints are unique and distinguishable for every individual like fingerprints. Lip prints are helpful in forensic investigation that deals with identification of a victim in the court of law. More researches need to be conducted in this field with regards to confirmation of uniqueness, and the collection and interpretation of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a comparative study on the different methods of recording lip prints. Six methods have been compared. Out of these, previous workers have used four methods. These are photography, lipstick-paper method, lipstick-paper-cardboard method and lipstick-cellophane method. Two methods using dental impression materials to make three-dimensional casts of the lips have been used in this study for the first time. Parameters such as print contrast, level of technical skill required and time taken have been considered. The best was found to be the lipstick-cellophane method as it gave prints of good clarity, was not time-consuming, was simple and inexpensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]