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Drawing upon components from inventory models of globalization, this paper aims to contribute to the presenting influence of globalization in Albania region, using data from national and international sources. Like many other developing countries, Albania could not be conditioned by the existence of a process such as globalization, which found Albania as a post-communist country that in 90s had just been confronted with the challenges of a fragile democracy. Being completely vulnerable to changes and pressures that the international community offered to them, this society has lost the selection ability. The purpose of this paper is to observe both the negative and the positive impacts of globalization on Albania. Furthermore, it attempts to suggest some recommendations among which are to assist in developing democratization process and improving the quality of life.

Understanding the impact of human capital on the achievement of career success is essential for each individual in turbulent times on the labor market. Banking sector also is human capital intensive and plays a critical role for the banks in meeting their goals and offering services to its clients. In the current era of technology, globalization and the general progress principles of "knowledge economy" are ruling. So, each individual in the labor market who wants to build own career, should work on continuous improvement of human capital. This helps their recognition in the increasingly competitive labor market, which eliminates "weak players" since their inability to adapt the modern trends and staff needs. The paper determines that human resource management (HRM) in banking sector must embrace strategic human resource planning programs with all banks strategy. This underlines the essential meaning of designing an effective recruitment policy with these strategies as formulation and implementation of active reward policy. Also, banks should include more active training and development for employees. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the correlation mentioned categories, based on 474 employees, in Serbian and Macedonian banking sector. Analyses such as Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test and linear regression, proving the significance impact of the development of employees' human capital on career success, viewed through different hierarchical positions in a particular sector.

Internationalization of higher education is one of the dynamism of globalization which has reduced institutions of higher learning to a global village by facilitating teaching and learning across Nations and Continents. Not fewer than 4.3 million students chose to study abroad in 2011 and projected to increase to approximately 5.8 million by the year 2020. The trend now is that international certificate is seen as a symbol of prestige worldwide with the development of knowledge based economy. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the push-pull factors of Nigerian international students resulting from ill-conceived and poorly implemented educational policies from colonial era in the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the multiplier effects on the economy and the system. The consequences of these policy summersault is the brain drain which has implications on the society with loss of trained, skilled, competent and qualified professionals needed for economic rejuvenation. It serves as clarion call to the Government of Nigeria to be proactive on international student mobility policy. The paper was based on the reviews of Nigeria educational policies, relevant literatures and internet publications on international higher education, industry reports and international organizations statistics. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p89

Following the trend of global democratic change, Nigeria like many other developing countries struggle to abandon military rule for democracy. The fifteen years of fourth republic democratic experiment in Nigeria have been characterize with misfortunes of good democratic governance. Several efforts made to consolidate good democratic governance in the country were simply thrown away. The expectations of Nigerians in 1999 when democracy return after fifteen long years of military rule were high. However these expectations and optimism were unfortunately quashed. The paper critically investigates this situation and assess the challenges surrounding the quest for effective democratic governance in the country within the era of global democratic change. In conclusion the paper emphasize on restructuring attitudes, institutions and resources towards the principles of democratic governance. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p386

The paper is devoted to the discussion of the fundamental ideas of one of the most well-known French philosopher – Jacques Maritain concerning the problems of personalization and pluralism in modern democratic society. Exceptional actuality of the Maritain’s treatment of the problems of the relations between laic state and believes for modern democratic countries social field are the quintessence of the paper. The fundamental questions of the philosophy of law: personalism and pluralism in the light of the concepts and interpretations of one of the brightest representatives of the French philosophical and law schools Jacques Maritain (November 18, 1882, Paris, France - April 28th 1973, Toulouse, France), which has become already the classic theorist are to be considered in the paper. Nowadays these issues seem to be particularly interesting and relevant: the transformation of sovereignty in the era of globalization, the political and the personal, mental and social transformation of the national identity and traditions on the one hand and the European integration and globalization on the other that are the challenges of the day. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s3p192

The analysis of ethno-confessional extremism as a form of deviant behavior with an anti-systemic character is presented in the paper. The authors offer a new approach to consider the phenomenon of ethno-confessional extremism, namely: they conceptualize this concept, state the main criteria and types of demonstrations of ethno-confessional extremism in the social structure. The authors consider ethno-confessional extremism as one of manifestations of deviation processes in the modern society. The authors prove a theoretical part of the paper by results of the sociological research conducted in February-April, 2014 in order to study of the population’s opinion of the Tyumen region on the condition of cross-cultural relations and manifestations of ethno-confessional extremism in the region. The results of a poll testify to intense cross-cultural interaction in the Tyumen region proceeding at the latent level. Most of the respondents treat representatives of other cultures tolerantly though hostility to separate ethno-confessional groups which has no mass character takes place and exists on to - activistic level. Ethno-confessional extremism as a type of social deviation, analyzed by the authors, is represented especially large-scale in conditions of the modern globalization which completely transforms the structure of society. National and religious essence, always being the peculiar base on which the society was developed, are gradually diffused and restricted under the unified standards pressure. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s3p95

Knowledge of the causal relationships between management policy and the economy finds its practical importance in justifying the measures trade and political control of logistics. Targeting research is due to the need of creating analytical apparatus preparation of science-based trade-policy decisions. It monitors their implementation in connection with the formulation of the economic problems of the system and situational nature. The article describes the mechanism of trade and political control of logistics, structured by levels of economic hierarchy (macro-, meso-, and micro level) and management functions (planning, motivation, organization, control, and analysis/evaluation). The paper defines methods of trade and political control of logistic processes when making inter-economic exchange in the form of export-import supplies, cooperation, and organization of business entities. The paper investigates options for the preparation of decisions in the framework of integration of administrative and contractual arrangements that determine the development of modern forms of macro-, meso-, and micro-logistics The paper substantiates the regulatory role of the interstate, regional organizations, sectorial and cross-sectorial, cluster, corporate associations in the implementation of the principles and rules of logistics, the construction of supply chain. The paper develops a presentation matrix of the mechanism, designed for the design and monitoring of trade policy-making, taking into account factors logistic efficiency. Approbation is used to prove the relationship of globalization, regionalization, and corporatization of logistics. The paper justifies the ideas and issues that shape the direction of the further development of research. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s4p555

The purpose of this paper is to argue conceptually, that globalization entails challenges, opportunities and realities. It integrates and extends existing theory, focusing on the three pillars of sustainable development into a general framework presenting the fundamental importance of sustainable development strategies in a globalized world. Moreover, the objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for globalization and how development can be sustained. A critical review of the multidisciplinary literature on globalization and sustainable development reveals a lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding sustainable development and accompanying strategies for sustaining development. Through a schematic representation of the relationships of the three pillars of sustainable development the paper concludes that a lasting solution to the impact of globalization on sustainable development can be crafted when current debate shifts from theory to the development of strategies to sustain development. The model if empirically evaluated, could serve as a blue print to guide policy and global discourse on how to achieve sustainable development; particularly so in developing economies. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p341

Today’s’ globalised world is replete with many fast occurring changes and challenges. These changes have put more pressure on leaders of higher education institutions. Although frequent exchange of ideas, people and capital among countries through internationalization has brought many benefits to students, societies and countries, higher education leadership faces many challenges when it comes to preparing campuses to meet the increasing needs of globalization. This paper reviews the critical role of higher education leadership in effectively managing the change and cope with the challenges inside the campuses. The paper attempts to answer the question on way leadership in higher education institutions may overcome the challenges more effectively. To answer this question, the paper investigates into current existing literature from a variety of perspectives. To explain this situation, the paper attempts to highlight the possibilities, problems and promises of internationalization of higher education and the role of leadership. This will provide some insights to the higher education leaders on ways that students can be better prepared as leaders in present globalised world. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s1p82

One of the phenomena that has attracted attentions among scholars including sociologists, is the globalization matter and its effect on the other aspects of life. Given the importance of this topic, this paper is seeking to examine the relationship between globalization in various aspects and citizenship rights. The current research was conducted using descriptive and survey methods. The measurement research tool was researcher-made questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale that its face validity was confirmed based on experts' opinions and the literature of the study. Also, the reliability of research was confirmed using cronbach's alpha coefficient 95% which indicates the high reliability of the tool. The statistical population in this study consisted of all students at Tehran University. In this paper, based on determine the sample size formula, 103 people were selected by stratified random sampling proportional to the volume to participate in the research. To analyze the data, spss software was used. The results showed that there is significant relationship between globalization in cultural,social and economic dimensions and citizenship rights. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p687

The dominant feature of global economic trends in contemporary world system is globalization, which is being driven particularly by a new wave of information technology that is unparalleled in the history of human kind. Nation-State has consistently intensified efforts towards engaging in business across national borders and constructing production and distribution networks on a global scale. Global economy may be judged by many criteria, but the most important one is undoubtedly development in all its forms. Literature reviews indicate that many developing countries, Nigeria included are ‘weeping baby’ of globalization because they are at the receiving end. Nigeria is a cripple giant in the globalization wave because the economy in order to situate her more appropriately in the global trend and to understand the dynamic consequences of the process of global economy in Nigeria, the position of Nigeria and the role it plays in the international capitalist system. In order to illuminate the factors accountable for the skeweness towards the countries of the north, the paper adopts both descriptive and analytical methods. It also makes use of scientific analysis by employing dependency theory to explain the dynamics of the existing relationship between the Advanced Economies and the Third World Economies, the impact of such relationship skewed. The paper concludes and puts forth necessary recommendations to correct the global economic imbalance that will make Africa, and in particular to take her rightful place in the global economic system. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s1p213

The present paper discusses the genre of spoken presentations and provides information about how to improve communication skills and design a successful spoken presentation in order to function effectively in professional settings which is important in today’s globalized and highly competitive world. It proposes ideas concerning the efficiency of presentations, and discusses the ways of arranging presentations in the EFL classroom. In the age of globalization and information technology, communication and presentation skills have become an important aspect of the workplace. So, graduates need to be proficient in spoken communication in order to function effectively in professional settings. Mastering the skills and genre of professional spoken presentations in today’s highly competitive world is more important than ever. Teaching principles of spoken presentations at schools and faculties is an especially relevant curriculum segment and is done with the ultimate purpose of better communicating professional knowledge. By making students aware of basic points, types, characteristics and styles of professional spoken communication, the paper is to serve as a starting point in an attempt to make them expand and perfect their communication skills. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s2p201

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The article offers a step-by-step model for the formation of a single interstate tax regulation in existing cross-national alliances; identifies and systematizes impacts on interstate tax regulation; proposes measures of competitiveness for existing alliances. In this paper, the authors point out that one can observe the convergence of tax systems in the context of growing international economic integration, which is expressed in the approximation of the levels of taxation in the economies of individual countries. It is the harmonization of tax legislation that reflects this process. In this paper the authors draw conclusions about the impact of variations in VAT rates on macroeconomic indicators in the event of possible harmonization of tax legislation: the case of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Globalisation, technological developments, and corporate mergers and acquisitions have brought fundamental changes to the modern entrepreneurial landscape. Reduced data bundle rates, the expansion of telecommunications, and the increased use of the Internet in Africa are the main driving forces. In recent times, African entrepreneurship has been in a constant state of development and flux. This paper reports the findings of an online survey conducted in Africa in 2013, investigating the experiences of entrepreneurs on the continent in adapting and incorporating online social network platforms and digital tools in both the formal and informal sectors. In recent times, African entrepreneurs have realised that the empowered, sophisticated, critical and well-informed society living on the continent in the present day is different from that of the previous post-colonial era. The Internet (and more recently social media enabled through Web2.0) has enabled the business community at large to control information and have power over the marketing process, with concomitant dilemmas and challenges for African entrepreneurs. This paper explains what role the new face of the Internet, widely referred to as Web2.0 or social media has played in unlocking this vast potential in terms of enabling the economic survival and success of modern African entrepreneur. Embracing social media platforms and tools facilitates entrepreneurship through the creation of competitive advantages that build prosperity in the modern global economy. Social-media platforms are therefore important strategic marketing tools for entrepreneurs. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p479

Throughout the centuries human societies of the world have progressively established closer contacts. However, the pace of these processes has significantly increased during the last decades. The growing tendency of globalization has stipulated the resemblance of juridical norms of different countries. The given paper is dedicated to the problems associated with the transference of a deceased person’s property. It describes a legal mechanism of practical realization of the right of inheritance and nominates it as one of the major rights of an individual. The rules of inheritance are usually applied after the death of a person. They comprise the norms of “testate” and “intestate” successions. However, “testate succession” - the inheritance established through the last will or testament – acquires pressing urgency in today’s world. It enables individuals to make valid distributions of their property during the epoch of “all-embracing” market economy. The given paper presents a precise study of the Italian (capitalistic) and Georgian (“almost” capitalistic) “testate successions”. It singles out major terminological units and underlines the most prominent differences of capitalistic and “almost” capitalistic mechanisms of the modes of inheritance. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p352

The goal of the paper is to test Rybczynski theorem in the case of selected European transition countries. Simple Heckscher-Ohlin model is extended in the analysis of many countries, two production factors and two products in the model. Assumptions of the theorem are conducted to scrutiny. The results of the analysis reject the hypothesis of the paper which states that “an increase in the endowment of one production factor, all other variables unchanged, will increase, by a greater proportion, the production of good that intensively uses that factor of production”. There is an existence of cointegration between input-output changes only in case of Poland. There are few key reasons why Rybczynski theorem does not hold in European transition countries: human capital and land as other factors of production, unemployment, increasing marginal costs of production, trade barriers, differences in technology among countries, product diversification and other factors related to globalization and liberalisation of world trade. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n10p99

The 21st century characterized by information revolution has been responsible for what is today known as globalization which has to do with global interaction between humans on issues of common interest irrespective of space or time, the emergence of these slogan Countless number of information is produced almost every second, in countless formats; just as different technologies are invented or upgraded which facilitate easy and fastest access to this information, leaving information consumers with a multiple source and types of information to choose from. It is in the light of this that, this paper examines the challenges of the 21st century to the teacher education institutions which are expected to train teachers that will in turn, train others preparing them for the places of work in the information age. It is recommended in this paper that, a paradigm shift is necessary from the traditional “use of libraries course” that is taught in educational institutions to Information Literacy which by its concept and content, is more encompassing and will be able to prepare the students better for lifelong learning. An outline course was recommended in this paper for examination by experts and possible review and implementation in tertiary institutions especially teacher education institutions for the effective teaching of information literacy skills in teacher education institutions in Nigeria in line with the Association of College Research Libraries-ACRL’s guideline DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n12p75

Globalization as the rapid increase in cross-border economic, social and technological exchange is not limited to industry and business. Education systems being part of the information business can be seen as the core of globalization. This paper provides an analysis of the relevant literature on the implications of globalization for education in Nigeria. The nature and objectives of global education and the move towards standardized curricula were highlighted. Perceived barriers to globalization of education and the Nigerian situation were also analyzed. This paper finally provides information and recommendations to those responsible for the planning of the educational curricula for all levels of education in Nigeria

This paper argued that although the second scramble for Africa could be located within the broader neo-imperialist global strategy, nevertheless, it is quite different from the classic race for Africa in the 19th century, in terms of its approach, mechanism, timing and new participants. It is also new in some ways. Firstly, it has enlisted the rampageous United States of America, Russia and the ravenous new Asian entrants such as China and India, plus the Oil-rich Sheikdoms, while retaining a number of the European imperial powers in the affray. Secondly, it has created a local bourgeoisie that sees itself as the overseer of foreign interests on the continent. Thirdly, the ideology of the new scramble is based on quick-loot-fast-plunder and is derived from modern globalization imperatives. This study which adopted as its approach, a combination of descriptive, analytical, evaluative as well as historical perspectives insists that unless the second scramble is checked, it would consolidate Africa’s relegation to marginality, cultural irrelevance, and eventual recolonization. Through the test of series of hypotheses, the work exposed the major forces at work as it answered some basic questions of the research. It concludes that Africa needs a super power to provide it with a nuclear umbrella, and draw a marshal plan – the type America did for the war devastated Europe at the end of the Second World War, to assert itself.

Companies perform in the market by their unique organisational culture (OC). Literature has shown that OC is a crucial factor for successful businesses. Being such an important element, OC is widely studied and has captured the attention of researchers all over the world. Strategic orientation, tradition or new market’s demands are main factors that can influence the culture of each enterprise and can provide distinctive organisational cultures. This paper intends to fill a gap in the literature about the general dimensions of organisational culture in Albanian companies. This study also compares results between family and non-family firms. Albania is a developing country that is rapidly changing, and its market is affected by its national culture and globalisation as well. Around 30 years ago a free market was established in Albania. In this perspective, it will be beneficial to develop a comprehensive insight into the culture that business has created during this period of time. Data are gathered between December 2018 and June 2019. SPSS is used to analyse them. Company's fundamental values, attention to details and leaders as a good representation of OC are factors that showed interesting results, indicating a clear perception. Furthermore, regarding the attitudes of family businesses (FBs) compared to non-FBs, innovation and companies' behaviour toward their members are found to have differences.

There are two fundamental ideas in which Kwasi Wiredu apply his conceptual decolonization. These to him are two complementary things that are both negative and positive. In the negative sense, Wiredu’s conceptual decolonization is the process that seeks to avoid and reverse “through a critical self-awareness the unexamined assimilation” in the thoughts of contemporary African philosophers those conceptual frameworks that are found in western or other philosophical cultures that have influenced African ways of life and thought. On the positive side, conceptual decolonization to Wiredu involves the exploitation of the vast “resources” of African conceptual frameworks in philosophical exercises or reflections on all the basic and crucial problems of contemporary philosophy. This establishes Wiredu’s conceptual decolonization on historical foundation of the African problems through the process of colonialism. This historical trend in Africa has significant impacts on the whole of African system, which include education, politics, culture, science, technology, religion, culture, language, and thought patterns. These suggest that African contemporary systems are greatly influenced through the means of language, religion and politics; and the methods of science and technology. However, a critical reflection on these indicate that Wiredu’s conceptual decolonization is distinctly opposed to the principles and tenets of globalization as a socio-political concept that is inspired by economic ideas, which are anchored on technological innovativeness and development. This explains the fact that globalization is driven by technological revolutionary and innovative ideas that are powered and energized by information, computer technology (ICT). This process thrives to link the world to a common system of circuit from where all knowledge and activities in the world can be viewed and known. This characteristically shrinks the world to what has been described as “global village” in an integrative pattern. These clearly in diverse manners promote interculturalism and interdependence to the extent that no nation or continent can be seen as an island. The world through globalization has been fused in a way that Wiredu’s conceptual decolonization has been rendered a philosophical failed project with no practical and epistemological relevance. In this paper therefore, effort will be made to assess the impacts of globalization on Wiredu’s conceptual decolonization. We submit that globalization has a more pragmatic, socio-economic and political allures to prevent Wiredu’s conceptual decolonization from making any positive impact on African philosophy. Our approach here will be analytic and speculative.

The unprecedented economic transformation in contemporary world economy and China society embedded in the globalization circumstances has brought about robust challenging for restructuring its metropolises. The purpose of this paper is aiming to select some pioneering metropolises for examining the extent to which they can be developed as world cites in China and incorporated into the national and global scale. Since there are immense amount of big cities with distinctive functions and hierarchies within China urban territory, in this essay, we conduct the principle component analysis using SPSS for ranking the China big cities based on each city’s salient competitive advantage, thereby detecting the five underlying world cities for comparative analysis. In this case, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou are identified as the pre-eminent world cities in China through some dominant parameters, which encompass the economic, political, infrastructural, urban, social and cultural specifications of the world cities. Through the specific comparative analysis of world cities in China, we can typologically find that Beijing should be considered as the political world city in terms of its tremendous political dominance, whereas Shanghai tends to be deemed as the financial and economic world city with regards to its huge quantity of multinational companies’ (MNCs) regional headquarters and financial firms. As the dominant vanguards of China open door policy, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are best characterized as trading world cities. Taking together with Guangzhou and Shenzhen, Chongqing is simultaneously and actively pertaining to the second tier of world cities in China. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n6p387

Tourism cannot be considered without the natural environment, economic and social development, while he has positive and negative impact on the environment. The tendency today is to minimize as much as possible the negative impact, with the aim to provide the needs of present and future generations. The environment is often used in his wider concept including various aspects such as natural environment, social and economic. The purpose of this article is to increase the knowledge of the readers about some concepts of the environment and tourism, to create a framework with some general and structural approach that can be widely used in practical management of sustainable development of tourism. This paper attempts to answer the following question: Have impact on sustainable development of rural tourism in mountainous and rural areas of Albania, natural and social economic environment? The methods that are used to test the hypothesis are explanatory methods. Using the empirical method (statistical) by means of statistical indicators as R2, R, ANOVA and regression equation simple, we have concluded that natural and social economic environment has impact on the sustainable development of rural tourism. In the wider point of view the natural environment and cultural heritage of history belong to community of every country and some of them belong to the entire humanity of the world, so they all have the right to understand, appreciate and preserve the values of their national and international. At the globalization time, the protection, conservation, interpretation, and presentation of the different natural environment of any particular region or country, is an important challenge for people all over the world. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n5p426

Entrepreneurship is viewed as one of the key economic development strategies to advance a country’s economic growth and to sustain its competitiveness in facing the increasing trends of globalization. The Malaysian government has made tremendous efforts in promoting entrepreneurship education across the country. This paper therefore aims to review the programs and policies, together with empirical studies on entrepreneurial education, and its effects on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, the review of the policies and practices in Malaysia shows that the government is mostly focused on the following aspects: improving the current policy on entrepreneurship education, providing various entrepreneurship programs to increase the number of young entrepreneurs, and highlighting the need to empower entrepreneurship education among graduates of HEIs. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2p36

After gaining the independence, the sovereign Kazakhstan has started to actively reform the education sector. Significantly expanding the international cooperation, Kazakhstan gratefully accepted assistance from the European Union and became one of the main participants of many projects aimed at the globalization of education (TEMPUS, ERASMUS MUNDUS, Erasmus +, etc.). After the twenty years of the reforms, the Republic of Kazakhstan has achieved the significant results. Retaining the education fundamentality constructed in the Soviet era, the multinational Asian country has adapted the old education system to the European standards. This is evidenced by the fact that more than 70% of the specialties of the leading universities of Kazakhstan have received an accreditation certificate from the European Union. In the paper, the aspects of the phased formation of a "new" education in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. Also, the issue of the integration of the education and the science in the industry is highlighted and the recommendations for the quality implementation of the integration process within the framework of higher and postgraduate education are given. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s5p364

One of the consequences of globalization that is developing in the world is regionalization. Not only national, but also international regions are shaping up featuring different hierarchical levels: macro-, meso- and micro-regions. Among the most established regions is the Baltic Sea region, consolidating states (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) and administrative units of the states situated on the seacoast (of Russia, Germany, and Poland). This is a coherent region united by economic, political, and social internal links, as well as by the common issue of conservation of the Baltic Sea nature. Within it, there can be distinguished parts that differ from one another by history, national and religious makeup, the level and structure of the economic development. The paper, on the basis of comparative statistical and factographic analysis, shows both the links uniting the Baltic Sea region in an integral whole, and its most considerable inner differences. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s7p212

The content of the article analyzes the processes (algorithms) globalization and its impact on the institution of the state. Various methodological approaches to the study of global processes and theoretical and practical models of transformation of state institutions. It is shown that modernization and globolokalnye trends significantly affect the meaning and the socio-cultural dynamics of the state as a political phenomenon, problematizing essence, the basic functions and tasks, the social role of public authorities in the political life of society. It is noted that the current process of globalization significantly increase risk- taking functioning of local, national and regional living spaces, put in a tough relationship from the activities of the government. The paper concludes that the international political communication, based on national unity, sovereignty and national integrity, evolves in the direction of adapting (a constantly changing and perestrukturiruyuschihsya) cooperative arrangements, where state power is considered as one of the global actors involved in the political process on an equal basis with non-governmental civil institutions, transnational actors, the military-political blocs. At the same time, the authors argue that globalization is qualitatively enrich and complicate the role of the state, is justified, that this institution will not lose its dominant position in the international cooperation in the management of intra-national processes. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s6p277

The paper is dedicated to analysis of general factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff in the Russian Federation and also to modeling of one of them. In the work there are six objective factors: economic status of country and labour market state, scientific and technical policy, political and legal situation, globalization and international differentiation of labor, financial standing of population, and state of educational system. The analysis of dynamics of number of specialists of higher qualification level in area of natural and technical sciences witnesses increasing attraction of engineers to economy of the country and strengthening of their positions on labour market. In this connection the task of own production development and support of the branches, which are not belong to primary production, appear to be one of the most important for future economic development. Despite acute need of economy for engineering and technical workers, many of them, as researches show, feel socially unprotected. One of the main factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff is the educational system, while one of the main stages is the training in graduate school. To model this process the present work uses the functional modeling methodology that is also known as Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT). As a result of SADT-modeling using four general processes of formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff were distinguished: (1) collaboration with branch research institutes; (2) specialized companies integration; (3) creation of interdepartmental complexes for realization of cross-disciplinary projects; (4) execution of cross-disciplinary projects and making of master's thesis. The goal of the first project is the formation of magistrand’s competences linked to carrying-out of work scientific and research and developmental works. The goal of the second process is the formation of magistrand’s competences linked to competences linked to manufacturing activity of corresponding branch. The third process is aimed at the formation of academic, regulatory and organizational provision and realization of cross-disciplinary projects. The goal of the last process is the execution of cross-disciplinary projects by magistrands and making of master's thesis at the end of training in graduate school. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s3p123

Global organizations can go on the information highway and dramatically improve the way business interactions by using E-commerce. This situation and demands force each organization to change, to abridge the gap in environmental changes that take place. One of those who get the full benefits of E-commerce is the hotel industry. The full potential of values brought about by E-commerce in Malaysia is unable to realize. This paper shows the role of organizational culture among E-commerce adoption and hotel performance in Malaysia, from a survey of 111 hotels, four (4) stars above, and 146 hotels three (3) stars below as a sample. Based on the conceptual framework, it can be hypothesized that Organizational culture positively mediates the effect of E-commerce adoption on hotel performance. A statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20 was used to examine the data. Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the collinearity problem, and to analyze the relationship between the variables. Lastly, multiple regression analysis was recommended to assess the mediating variable in the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable (Baron and Kenny, 1986). The final results of Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis showed important finding. The relationship between organizational culture and E-commerce adoption significantly correlated with hotel performance. Meanwhile based on mediating model testing, the mediating effect of organizational culture in the hypothesized model exists. The findings of this study may be used to improve the method and management in Malaysia hotel industry environment and employees should be exposed to the requirement in the work culture towards globalization. Therefore, practice within the E-commerce adoption needs to consider the organizational culture as a key element in the hotel performance. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2p61

The rise of globalism, particularly information technology and massive flows of international communications, has ignited gigantic competition among nations for markets, foreign direct investment, tourists, human skills, innovation and an edge in international relations. This new phenomenon poses unprecedented challenges to the concept and practice of public diplomacy. This paper seeks to interrogate the concept and practice of public diplomacy in contemporary times, identify the challenges and recommend future direction. It focuses on how public diplomacy can influence global business for the socio-economic benefit of African nations in general and South Africa in particular. Today, countries have become “brands” that must be created, nurtured and managed in a sustainable way through the creation of long-term and mutually beneficial relationships with bilateral and multi-lateral partners. Traditionally, public diplomacy mainly focused on the cultivation of stable political relationships among nations. However, public diplomacy now embraces the essence of a nation, be it political, economic, or, socio-cultural, not only to other governments but also to a multitude of other stakeholders such as foreign publics, multinational corporations, international media and non-governmental organisations. It is this emerging phenomenon that calls for the harnessing and integration of public diplomacy with nation branding in order to build, nurture and sustain a nation brand that enjoys positive relations with other countries, attracting inward investment and skills, promoting trade, tourism and exports. Such a nation brand will thus be able to uplift the standards of living of the people in the host country. The world has changed. And so must we. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p42

This paper discussed how Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria used ICTs as a tool for transnational collaboration. The issue of globalization and collaboration has implication for Nigeria as a country that is yet to provide qualitative education to its youths. The above neglect has been partly responsible for the recurrent insurgence among the youth in Nigeria especially Northern part (Boko-Haram) and in the South-South geopolitical zone (Niger Delta). As a result of frustration due to unemployment and education, these youths took to violence, thus becoming social menace. The University management employed ICTs to enhance transnational collaboration as a way to provide quality education through collaboration between universities using Distance Education. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1465

This paper studies the functioning of the professional appraiser institute in the Russian Federation, the problems of legal regulation of appraisal activities in the Russian Federation, explores the experience of regulating appraisal activities in the United States. In view of the foregoing, and the gaps in the regulation of this sector of the economy in our country, the experience of developed countries in this area seems interesting, particularly in the United States. At the moment in every European country, which is a member of the IVSC or TEGOVA, there are national regulatory regimes for valuation. In this case, the regulation of valuation in the United States is different, for example, from the regulation of valuation in the UK or Germany. In all countries with a market economy, governmental organizations of appraisers are operating actively. The regulatory experience of valuation activity in the United States is rather indicative, the leading professional organizations are Appraisal Institute and the American Society of Appraisers (ASA). In 1987 they founded the Appraisal Foundation, which should serve the purpose of achieving uniformity and professionalism in the valuation and training. The operation of two independent bodies - Appraisal Standards Board and Appraisers Classification Board contributes to the latter. State regulation in the United States is organized both at the federal level and at the level of individual states. According to Financial Institution Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act (FIRREA), adopted by Congress in 1989, the authority to regulate the valuation activities at the federal level, is given to the Appraisal Foundation. Simultaneously with the Foundation the structure of the United States Government includes the agency in charge of supervising the enforcement of appraisal laws - Appraisal Subcommittee. Appraisers Classification Board develops, interprets and amends the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisers Practices - USPAP, required for use by practitioners (certified and licensed) appraisers throughout the United States. Appraisers Classification Board provides a minimum level of education experience and examination requirements for real estate appraisers. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n24p188

The global world does not exist on it own, nor the events in the globe left without a guide. For machinery to operate successfully there is the need for strict adherence to its operation manual. The source of Islamic education provides man with complete code of life as guiding principles covering all aspects of the global life. The paper discuss Qur’an the Devine rules from the global Creator to the universal creatures, the bases and guide for successful universal or global operation and development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n17p131

In this paper examines the impact of the integration processes in quantitative and qualitative changes in the functioning of the socio-economic systems and developing a conceptual approach to assessing the impact of regional integration processes in the socio-economic development. Consider interaction between globalization and economic integration processes and inter-region interrelations on the basis of individual RF regions study (the Republic of Tatarstan) aimed at enhancement of external economic potential use, investment attractiveness, and innovative development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n18p101

In spite the important of the global accounting convergence of IFRS in firms operations of various countries in terms of globalization of financial markets, standardizing the diverse accounting policies around the globe and the facilitation of high quality, transparent and comparable information in financial statements. But then, only few developing and even developed nations give concerned on such global accounting convergence of IFRS. In line with this, the objective of this paper is to examine the effect of two variables i.e. IFRS acceptability and IFRS enforceability on such global accounting convergence of IFRS through the perceptions of preparers and users of financial reporting. Data of the study were collected through self –administered and online survey, in which 300 questionnaire was sent to the preparers and users of financial reporting in Nigeria. The study used convenient sampling technique; data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19. Descriptive statistic, factor analysis, correlation matrix and finally, multiple regression analysis were carried out. The result findings of the analysis revealed that, IFRS acceptability and IFRS enforceability has significant positive relation with the global accounting convergence of IFRS. Finally, conclusion was provided and the direction for future research was also provided. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p295

This paper is devoted to analysis of main tendencies and development of world economic globalization at present stage, interaction between globalization and economic integration processes and inter-region interrelations on the basis of individual RF regions study (the Republic of Tatarstan) aimed at enhancement of external economic potential use, investment attractiveness, and innovative development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n12p123

The world has been constantly developing throughout the centuries. However, the pace of changes has been almost doubled during the last decades. The process of globalization has comprised the whole world. Its orientation on the tendency of penetration, internationalization and rapid development has changed the contours of different spheres of life. The given paper studies innovative processes of the European legal sphere. It is oriented on the discussion of the formation of the Luxembourgish (capitalistic) “fiducie” and the Georgian (“almost” capitalistic) “საკუთრების მინდობა” under the influence of Anglo-American “trust”. The original form of “trust” appeared at the end of the Middle Ages – in the epoch, when the real estate was the principle form of wealth. In the beginning of the 19th century, the given institution emerged in the American business sphere and stipulated the appearance of “trust-like” mechanisms throughout the world. Hence, the implementation of these devices was contradicted by the traditions of continental law-governed countries - the duality of ownership seemed almost unacceptable to the “rigid” European jurisdictions. Despite such circumstances, during the recent decades, the process of globalization has facilitated the popularization of the utilization of the institution of “trust”. Its alternatives appeared in capitalistic and “almost” capitalistic countries in different forms and variations. Development of these variations and their terminological nomination is an urgent issue and the major focus of the given research. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p124

During the recent decades the world has been faced the globalization more than ever. Countries have taken the form of a huge global village. Need to trade have increased efforts to meet customer needs. Trade between countries has become necessary to improve the infrastructure. Railway is one of the most economical means of transportation. To promote economic development, it is anticipated the construction of Corridor VIII connecting the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea. This corridor is extended from Bari and Brindizi to Burgas and Varnas. Albania eill serve as a connection point between west and East Europe. In this paper we will discuss the positive effects of the construction of the railway Corridor VIII in the development of trade between Italy, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. It will also identify opportunities for the development of these countries and will be treated as a barrier that may inhibit economic development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p418

The guarantee of a successful development of any modern, democratically oriented society, largely rests on continuous and fuller realization of a broad range of human and minority rights and freedoms. Current social trends in the world, reflected mostly in pervasive process of globalization, put modern society before a number of challenges which have their immediate impact on all aspects of social life. Therefore, reflection on, and thus consequently realization of universal freedoms and rights must necessarily start from the changes caused by globalization, both in general, worldwide scope, and in the content and character of humanity, in the context of marking a new phase in the evolution of modern society, with subsequent, far-reaching changes in the position of the man and the realization of his dignity. The complexity of social relations in the modern world is expressed by, among other things, disparities and inequalities among people. These disparities and inequalities gain intensity in the sphere of economic life, particularly in terms of the current global economic crisis. They are shown in an increase in unemployment, large social differences, and an increase in poverty. All these phenomena are global in scope and shaking all modern society, almost without exception, undoubtedly influencing the level of realization of human and minority rights and freedoms, even in those communities which strongly rely on their sincere and full respect. This paper aims to point out the necessity of full realization of all human rights and freedoms in the current social situation, since it is where an essential foundation of the re-development of a new, global society, undoubtedly based on stable foundations of democracy, tolerance and economic development, lies. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p709

Health Tourism is becoming an upward trend in our globalised world. Health tourism can be simply defined as travelling of the individuals to other countries to seek medical care. Increased health care expenses in the West and the globalisation have led individuals to seek health care in other countries that provide affordable health care. On the other hand, wellness and anti- aging practices are also gaining ground in today’s modern world. The urge to look good on individuals as a result of the existing trends in today has also led the individual to seek advice in wellness and anti-aging. The changes in life styles and health marketing policies on wellness and anti-aging practices, lack of adequate insurances, high costs and travel means have increased the interest on health tourism. Turkey is a good destination for health tourism. Because of the high quality of service provided at an affordable cost. Also, there are no long waiting lines for foreign patients; the visa procedures are easy for most of the nations. The purpose of this paper is to outline the opportunities and threats of health tourism in Turkey. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n10p424

It is recognized that effective leveraging of science, technology and innovation is essential for wealth creation in all nations. Science, Technology and Innovation is also a key component of social integration, sustainable development and poverty eradication based on equity, freedom, justice, governance, peace and prosperity. At the international level, science, technology and innovation act as a tool of international co-operation and solidarity. It is useful for provision of knowledge and information as well as facilitating globalization with human development while concomitantly strengthening national governance and acting as a vector of common heritage, international cooperation and solidarity. Appropriate Science, Technology and Innovation policy is key to the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. This paper endeavours to underscore how the continued growth of universities of science and technology could steer Kenya’s economic growth among other priority areas as outlined by the government. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p457