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The paper is concerned with the results of analysis of a clinico-laboratory study of persons (residents of Armenia) who took part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident. Investigation of general morbidity revealed no correlation with exposure to ionizing radiation. The symptom complex of pathological changes included CNS functional disorders, a transition from the hypokinetic type of a heart response to exercise to the normokinetic one, lowered immune status and tissue peripheral blood flow, unmarked hematological and biochemical shifts, suggesting suppression of the body antioxidant system.

The paper is concerned with the results of determining the total number of lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and their immunoregulatory subpopulations, B-lymphocyte of peripheral blood, serum IgA, IgG and IgM in 44 patients with ARS, II-IV degree at days 37-109 after the Chernobyl accident. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in all the patients not later than on the 14th day. Among lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes were shown to restore to normal first, the T-helpers/T-suppressors ratio being decreased. In 2 survivors this ratio remained decreased 2 mos. after the normalization of peripheral blood indices. Possibilities of correction of the revealed disorders with immunomodulators were discussed.

The paper is concerned with analysis of the data on a picture of the blood of 115 patients with acute radiation syndrome. Basing on the literature data, the authors discuss a possibility of developing leukemia in these patients and in persons, irradiated at lower doses, as a result of radiation affection of hemopoiesis.

The paper is devoted to one of the most important aspects of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station: thyroid irradiation in the residents of 8 areas in the Ukrainian SSR and the town of Pripyat, affected with radioactive iodine. Irradiation doses, prognosis of medical effects of the accident, methods and practical measures for the organization of endocrinological monitoring of the affected population were thoroughly considered. The authors proposed a scheme of health care of the population in these areas. They also discussed the structure of data bases for analysis of medico-dosimetric information on "iodine" effects of the accident. The main trends in medico-dosimetric problems of the effects of thyroid irradiation were outlined.

The paper is concerned with the results of neurological examination of 113 patients who developed acute radiation sickness of various degrees of severity during the elimination of the effects of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station. A clinical picture of neurological disorders at different periods of ARS was described. CNS specific and nonspecific lesions were defined.

The paper is concerned with analysis of the results of clinico-electrocardiographic investigation of 107 rescuers, engaged in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident. A high percent (27.2%) of the detectability of borderline arterial hypertension was noted among the rescuers (aged to 39) that was determined by a strong psychoemotional tension resulting from work and radiation phobia.

The paper is concerned with the results of measurements of characteristics of the air media in the zone of the damaged reactor as with the assessment of doses from internal irradiation on the basis of calculations of air media parameters and the results of actual measurements of the uptake and content of radionuclides in the personnel of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station and persons sent on mission there in 1986-1987, the results being obtained by indirect and direct biophysical methods of control of internal irradiation. The calculated data are well in accord with the results of actual measurements of the contents of radionuclides in the body. Internal irradiation of all tissues and organs, determined by the inhalation of a mixture of radionuclides, worked almost completely within the first year following the accident, the thyroid being the critical organ. In the next years internal irradiation for the personnel of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station was determined entirely by transuranic elements and was about 0.1 M.P.D annually for bone tissue. The value of a mean effective equivalent dose from internal irradiation in 50 years is 85 mSv for professionals, and a contribution of internal irradiation to the whole-body one over the first well as is 13%.

The paper is concerned with analysis of strategy of the regulation of radiation exposure of the population and the practical use of the levels of intervention in different phases after the Chernobyl accident. The author represents data on the levels of whole-body irradiation of the population in the areas under strict control, and dose exposure of the thyroid in children and adults. Mean individual and collective doses of whole-body irradiation over the period of 1986-1989 and predictable dose exposures were assessed. Some data on probable pathology of radiation genesis in the population in affect on 1990 were considered.

The paper is devoted to the results of a study of the health status of the adult population in western districts of the Bryansk area, exposed to radiation fall-outs as a result of the Chernobyl accident, as presented by medical doctors and researchers of hospitals, research institutes, and the republican health services. The paper also deals with information on demographic processes and the level and state of health service in these regions. Analysis of the health status provides no opportunity to detect diseases caused by exposure of the population to ionizing radiation.

The paper is concerned with the results of a follow-up over the period of 1986-1989 of function of the hypophyseo-thyroid system in children and adolescents (approximately 6000 persons), residing in the South-West of the Kaluga Region, where radiation fallouts were observed after the Chernobyl accident. The results were based upon the analysis of medical examinations and determination of the blood levels of TSH, T4 and T3. A certain functional activation of the thyroid system was observed in a majority of the examinees. A conclusion has been made of a necessity of a long-term follow-up of the thyroid of persons who received radioactive iodine in childhood.

The paper is concerned with analysis of correlation of the time of appearance of vomit in a person and a mean dose rate of prolonged gamma-radiation in the persons affected at the Chernobyl accident. The data were approximated by power function. For irradiation with a constant dose rate (P) such correlation looks like Tp = 2.48p-0.5, where Tp is the time of the beginning of vomit, hours after the beginning of irradiation. A semiempirical model combining different conditions of irradiation was formed. Prognosis of a severity of lesion with relation to the time of vomit was given for different conditions of irradiation.

The paper is devoted to the main stages of development of radiation clinical neurology, paying attention to the contribution of Soviet clinicians in the problem. Neurological disorders in ARS of various degrees of severity at different periods of disease as well as during irradiation at doses, not causing ARS development were described. The importance of clinicophysiological investigations for assessment of CNS function during the development of disease and its aftereffects was shown. The role of psychological investigations and studies on mental abilities of persons, exposed to acute ionizing radiation, was emphasized.

The paper is concerned with the results of therapy of 115 patients with acute radiation syndrome after the Chernobyl accident. The chief methods of the effective therapy of bone marrow syndrome are antimicrobial drugs and fresh donor platelet mass transfusions. Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogenic bone marrow or embryonic hepatocytes) is indicated and effective in a very limited number of patients in accident irradiation. Severe beta-burns of the skin remain an unsolved problem as a result of their spreading. Organizational principles of therapy of a great number of patients with acute radiation syndrome in a specialized hospital were described.

The paper is concerned with the results of a study of behavior of artificial radionuclides in Georgian tea technological products after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Station. A partial contribution of the activity of radionuclides 141Ce, 140La, 103Ru, 106Ru, 140Ba, 137Cs, 95Zr, 95Nb, 134Cs and 90Sr to the total activity to Georgian tea samples. Maximum tolerated concentrations of radionuclides were assessed provided average annual tea consumption per capita was 1 kg. The maximum of solubility in the water phase falls on Cs radionuclides. The regularities of migration of half-lived radionuclides 3 yrs. After the Chernobyl accident were established.