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The investigations carried out show that isothermal formation of the ε-phase can be controlled not only by alloying, but also by means of repeated phase transitions. Reduction of the temperature at which the formation of the ε-phase commences intensifies the isothermal transformation near the martensite point and at room temperature. The latter is valid if the γ→ε-transformation during continuous cooling begins not lower than the temperature at which the isothermal soaking is carried out, otherwise the intensity of the isothermal process decreases, and the lower the commencement of the γ→ε-transformation with respect to the temperature isothermal line, the more the intensity drops. It was found that if the ε-phase forms at −60, −70°C, there is a complex dependence between the rate of the isothermal process and the temperature. It was demonstrated that when the γ→ε-transformation temperature is fairly low, austenite can be supercooled by rapid cooling and the ε-phase may form during heating. Given the same supercooling rate, the transformation of austenite into ε-phase during heating is more complete when the heating rate is slow. It was noticed that if in continuous cooling the ε-phase forms at −60, −70°C, preliminary supercooling broadens the temperature range over which the isothermal γ→ε-transformation is observed. The intensity of the process is influenced by the heating rate after supercooling. It was found that the maximum amount of ε-phase forming in the alloy G19 during continuous cooling after repeated phase transitions and subsequent isothermal soaking does not exceed 50-55%. It was discovered that isothermal soaking at room temperature in between repeated phase transitions intensifies the stabilization of the austenite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal preliminary rolling conditions are 300°C with ε=45%, which produces fairly high strength and ductile characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of general rules governing changes in the hot plasticity, the similar values of resistance to deformation at corresponding temperatures and deformation rates of steel St3 austenitized at 1150°C and not austenitized, and the similarity in the formation of structure at t>850°C leads to the assumption that not deformation of similar steels is possible without preliminary high-temperature heating (1150-1200°C) during treatment by such methods as high-temperature thermomechanical treatment or controlled rolling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]