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Wetland ecosystems are important regulators of global climate change. Studying the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of their ecosystem service values ( ESV) is beneficial for the sustainable development of wetlands. This paper uses the equivalent factor method, based on land use changes, to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of the ecosystem service value in the Caohai National Nature Reserve ( CNNR). The results show the following; (D from 2000 to 2020, there was a significant decrease in the core zone's arable land area, with an increase in forest and water areas. Construction land mainly increased in the experimental area, and the grassland area showed a fluctuating change of first increasing and then decreasing; in 2000, 2010, and 2020, the ecosystem service value of the study area was 302 million, 296 million, and 325 million yuan, respectively, showing a trend of fluctuating growth, with the value of wetland ecosystems playing a dominant role; regulatory services are the main contributors to the ecosystem service value in the study area, with a contribution rate of 60%. Hydrological regulation is the ecosystem function with the highest value in wetland ecosystem services, contributing more than 35% to the ESV in all three periods; in terms of spatial distribution, the core zone's ecosystem service value is dominant. Looking at the total ecosystem service value of the region, the core zone > the experimental area > the buffer zone. In terms of ESV per unit area, the core zone (89 000 yuan/hm²) is significantly higher than the buffer zone (39 100 yuan/hm²) and the experimental area ( 15 800 yuan/hm² ) . The study can provide a basis for research and spatial management of ecosystem services in wetland ecosystems and nature reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society, and it is an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development by actively addressing climate change. Under the increasingly strict constraints of climate governance, developed countries such as the United States, European Union countries, and Japan have responded and actively formulated low-carbon development goals and policy measures that are in line with their national conditions. These policies mainly involve various fields such as low-carbon technology, energy conservation and emission reduction, and circular development, with clear policy guidance. In this paper, the evolution of policies on marine carbon sink and carbon trading in China is summarized, providing support for better understanding the background of formulating relevant international and domestic policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]