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This paper presents formulas to perform reliability and availability analyses of a system having two identical robots and one safety system. Formulas for system expected time to failure, reliability, and Laplace transforms of system availability are developed along with various plots demonstrating the end results.

This paper presents a comparison of system reliability and mean time to failure results obtained using two different methods (i.e. block diagram and Markov) for the same system with constant and non-constant unit failures rates. The device of stages approach is used to obtain the non-constant unit failure rate when using the Markov method.

This paper presents probabilistic analysis of a system comprised of a robot and its associated safety mechanism. The system can have various modes of failures and is repaired upon failure. The system failure rates other than the common-cause failure rate are assumed constant and the failed system repair times are assumed arbitrarily distributed. Three techniques are combined to perform analysis: Markov, the device of stages method, and the supplementary variable approach. Expressions along with plots for the robot system availability and state probabilities are presented.

This paper presents availability analysis of a system composed of a robot and its associated safety system. The failed robot system is repairable and its associated repair rates could be constant or non-constant. The supplementary variable and Markov techniques were employed to obtain expressions for steady state availability, state probabilities, and Laplace transform of the state probabilities. Various plots are presented.

This paper presents a model representing a two units active and one unit on standby human-machine system with general failed system repair time distribution. In addition, the model takes into consideration the occurrence of common-cause failures. The method of linear ordinary differential equation is presented to obtain general expressions for system steady state availability for failed system repair time distributions such as Gamma, Weibull, lognormal, exponential, and Rayleigh. Generalized expressions for system reliability, time-dependent availability, mean time to failure, and system variance of time to failure are also presented. Selected plots are presented to demonstrate the impact of human error on system steady state availability, reliability, time-dependent availability, and mean time to failure.

This paper presents a mathematical model for performing reliability and availability analyses of a general standby system with constant human error and common-cause failure rates. In addition, system repair times are assumed arbitrarily distributed. Markov and supplementary variable techniques were used to develop equations for the model. The method of linear ordinary differential equation is developed to obtain the general expressions of the steady state availability. The Laplace transform technique was used to obtain the system time-dependent availability, reliability and mean time to failure expressions.

This paper presents income optimization analysis of a repairable system composed to two units in parallel and one warm standby. System long term availability expression is developed using the supplementary variable technique and Laplace transforms, and Abel's theorem. The system income optimization analysis is performed using the differential calculus-based approach. Several related plots are shown.

This paper presents optimization analysis concerned with the income of a repairable reliability system having two identical units in parallel and one standby with common-cause failures. Expressions to obtain optimun net income of the system with respect to repair are developed. Several plots of resulting expressions are shown.

This paper presents four mathematical models concerned with optimizing income of repairable reliability systems. In all the four cases, expressions for optimum system mean time to repair, periodic cost of maintenance, periodic income, and system steady state availability are developed.

This paper reviews selected publications on human reliability and related areas. Literature is classified into several categories. A comprehensive list of references for the period 1979–1992 is presented.

A newly developed generalized expression for the mean time to failure of a k-out-of-n: G system composed of repairable units and subject to common-cause failures is presented. Also, reported are some special case system reliability and variance of time to failure formulas.

This paper presents a newly developed generalized expression for mean time to failure, MTTF, of a non-repairable identical unit parallel system with warm standby and common-cause failures. Also presented is a modified version of this formula that takes into account the repairability of the warm standby and/or switching mechanism. Generalized expressions for system reliability and variance of time to failure are presented along with some tables and plots of system reliability and MTTF.

This paper presents a newly developed probabilistic model representing two units in parallel and one on standby system with critical and non-critical human error. Repair times of the failed system are arbitrarily distributed while all other transition time distributions are negative exponential. A general formula for the system steady-state availability is developed with the aid of the method of supplementary variables, the Markov approach and Laplace transforms. Specific plots and tables are shown to demonstrate the impact of critical and non-critical human errors on system steady-state availability.

This paper presents reliability and availability analyses of a two unit parallel system with warm standby and common-cause failures. The standby and switching mechanisms are subject to failure. The failed system repair times are assumed to be arbitrarily distributed. Expressions for Laplace transforms of system state probabilities, steady state system availability, system reliability, and mean time to failure are developed.

This paper presents the reliability analysis of a two identical unit parallel system with a warm standby subject to common-cause failures. The expressions and plots of system reliability, availability, mean time to failure and variance of time to failure of the system are presented. A general formular for the system steady-state availability is developed when failed system repair times are gamma distributed.

This paper presents human error analysis of a (two units working and one on standby) system with arbitrarily distributed repair times. The supplementary vairables method is used to develop the system availability expressions. A general formula for the system steady-state availability is developed when the failed system repair times are gamma distributed. Time-dependent availability, system reliability with repair, mean time to failure and variance of time to failure formulae are developed for some particular cases. Selective plots are shown to demonstrate the impact of critical human error on system availability and reliability.

This article reviews selective literature on Robot Safety and Reliability. The litterature is obtained mainly from journals and conference proceedings of the leading world robotic associations and has been classified into three broad categories: Robot Reliability; Robot Safety and Maintenance; and General. The General category includes articles that touched on elements of both Robot Reliability and Robot Safety and Maintenance. Tables are developed in conjunction with this review and a comprehensive list of references is provided.

This paper presents common-cause failure analysis of a two non-identical unit parallel system with arbitrarily distributed repair times. Laplace transforms of state probability equations are developed by using the supplementary variable technique. A general formular for the system steady-state availability is developed for gamma distributed repair times. Time-dependent availability analysis is presented for the case when failed system repair times are gamma distributed with β = 2.

This paper presents two newly developed Markov models representing two identical unit standby systems with common-cause failures and human errors. The system reliability, mean time to failure, variance of time to failure, and time-dependent system availability expressions are developed. Some plots are shown.

This paper reviews selected literature on mining equipment reliability. The literature is collected mainly from journals and conference proceedings and has been classified into several categories. Tables and a chart are developed in conjunction with this review. An extensive list of references is presented.

This paper presents a brief introduction and an extensive list of selective references on failure modes and effects analysis concept.

This paper presents reliability and availability analysis of warm standby systems with common-cause failures and human errors. Expressions for system availability, reliability, mean time to failures, and time to failure variance are developed. Selective plots are shown to demonstrate the effect of common-cause failures and human errors on system reliability, availability, and mean time to failure.

This paper presents common-cause failure analysis of a two non-identical unit parallel system. System reliability, time dependent system availability, steady state system availability, and system mean time to failure expressions are developed. The plots of system reliability, time dependent system availability, steady state system availability, and system mean time to failure are shown.

This paper briefly discusses the subject of testability. A list of selected references on testability and related areas is presented.

This paper discusses human error data banks. Guidelines for establishing human error data banks are presented along with human performance data collection methods. A comprehensive list of human error data banks and sources is given.

This paper briefly discusses the topic of failure data. A list of selected references on failure data and related areas is presented. Additional sources of obtaining failure data are also listed.

This paper presents a brief introduction and extensive list of selective bibliography on common-cause failures

This paper presents newly developed mean time to failure formulas for reliability networks such as series, parallel, k-out-of-n, series-parallel, parallel-series and a bridge with special case Erlangian distributed component failure times.

This paper presents a mathematical model to estimate optimum life cycle cost of an equipment with known mean time to failure and mean time to repair. In addition, several equipment labour cost estimation models are presented when mean time to failure and mean time to repair follow distributions such as exponential, Rayleigh, Weibull and gamma.

This paper presents a brief introduction and an extensive list of selective references on transit system reliability.

This paper presents two mathematical Markov models of repairable transit systems. Laplace transforms of the state probability equations are developed.

This paper presents three mathematical Markov models to predict electric power systems reliability in changing environment. Laplace transforms of the state probability and system reliability equations are developed. In addition, the average time to system failure plots are shown for models I and II.

This paper presents some comments on ‘Stochastic behaviour of man-machine systems operating under different weather condition’ [1]. In addition, reliability analysis of one of the models given in [2] is performed. State probability, human operator reliability, mean time to human error (MTTHE) and probability of human error plots are shown.

This paper presents two mathematical models. Model I represents a two identical unit active redundant system whose units may fail in either of the two mutually exclusive failure modes. Similarly, model II represents a two non-identical unit active parallel system whose units either fail or survive. In addition, models I and II comprise the occurrence of common-cause failures and one standby unit. Systems are only repaired when all the system units fail (including the standby unit). System repair times are arbitrarily distributed. Laplace transforms of the state probability equations are developed.

This paper presents five newly developed models to predict reliability of human operators performing time continous tasks under stress. Laplace transforms of state probability equations and operator reliability are developed. Mean time to human error (MTTHE) expressions are obtained. In addition specific plots are shown for selective models.

This paper presents a brief introduction and selective up-to-date literature related to computer hardware reliability.

This paper presents two hazard rate models, I and II. Hazard rate and reliability expressions are presented. Model I parameters are estimated by applying the hazard plotting technique.

This paper presents four mathematical models of redundant systems with human error. Laplace transforms of the state probability equations are developed. Mean time to failure (MTTF) formulas are developed.

This paper presents the findings of a recent survey conducted on ‘reliability design specifications in Canadian manufacturing and service industries’. The survey is based upon a questionnaire mailed to various manufacturing and service industries in Canada. The questionnaire covered different aspects of organizational structure, reasons for emphasis on reliability and maintainability, areas of reliability engineering requiring improvement, most important parameters in equipment reliability specification, measures to improve system/equipment reliability, use of international or U.S. Military standards (reliability) in design specifications, reliability techniques and parameters specified when procuring an item, etc. The respondent organizations are classified into several groups, namely, Aerospace and defence, Electronics, Mechanical, Transportation, and others. General (all combined) and groupwise response analyses are performed.

This paper presents two newly developed Markov models representing electric power systems operating in changing environment. Model I deals with a non-repairable two unit system operating in alternating environments (i.e., normal and stormy weather). Model II represents a repairable two unit system operating in changing weather. Laplace transforms of state probability equations are developed for Model I. Similarly, state probability equations are obtained for Model II. Plots pertaining to ‘probability of the system being in any one of the up states’ are shown.

This paper discusses the subject of safety factors. An extensive list of references is presented.

This paper presents four mathematical models to evaluate reliability of redundant systems with critical human error. Equations for system reliability, state probabilities and mean time to failure are developed. System reliability and mean time to failure plots are shown.

This paper presents a brief introduction and an extensive list of selective references on chemical systems reliability.

This paper briefly reviews human errors in engineering systems. Definitions for human reliability and human errors are presented. Consequences and causes of human errors are discussed. Historical developments in human reliability are briefly described. Breakdowns of human errors are given. Human error prevention and reduction methods are discussed along with human reliability data banks. In particular, Data Store and Operational Recording and Data System (OPREDS) are described. Human errors in structures and computer systems are discussed. Error rates for selected tasks are presented.

This paper presents newly developed expressions for state probabilities, system reliability, system availability and mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) for three types of outdoor electric power systems working in random environment. System measure plots are shown for all these Markov models.

This paper presents a brief introduction and selective up-to-date literature related to mining systems reliability.

This paper presents a brief introduction and an extensive list of selective references on reliability apportionment/allocation.

This paper presents four Markov models pertaining to repairable and non-repairable on surface transit systems. The expressions for state probabilities, system reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF) and steady state availability are developed. System reliability, MTTF and steady state availability plots for various assumed values of system parameters are shown.

This paper presents a newly developed method to perform reliability analysis of redundant systems with critical and non-critical human errors. The method is demonstrated using k-out-of-n units, parallel and series-parallel configurations. Time dependent analyses are developed for exponentially and Rayleigh distributed failure times. System reliability and mean time to failure formulas are presented.

This paper presents three newly developed Markov models representing on-surface transit systems. Transit system reliability, steady-state availability, mean time to failure (MTTF) and variance of time to failure formulas are developed. Selective plots are shown for each model. These plots clearly exhibit the impact of various parameters on transit system reliability, steady-state availability, and MTTF.