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This research paper presents a new approach to address power quality concerns in microgrids (MGs) by employing a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) and a fuzzy-based inverter. The integration of multiple power electronics converters in a microgrid typically increases total harmonic distortion (THD), which in turn results in power quality issues. Moreover, the intrinsic variability of solar and wind power sources gives rise to fluctuations in power generation, which consequently leads to power oscillations and voltage sag within microgrids that rely on renewable energy. This research paper introduces a technical approach to achieve power balance in renewable-based microgrids (MGs) by utilizing a fuzzy logic-controlled (FLC) pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The Microgrid (MG) consists of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) system and a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that utilizes a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system employs an optimal torque-controlled maximum power point technique (MPPT) algorithm to optimize power output. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is employed to facilitate power provision during critical scenarios or to ensure a stable power output for fluctuating loads. The SFCL is utilized as a device for voltage compensation in cases of voltage sag incidents. The effectiveness of the suggested control strategy is assessed by performing a comparative analysis of total harmonic distortion (THD) in the load voltage, with and without the utilization of a SFCL. The results suggest that the incorporation of an FLC inverter-SFCL-BESS system effectively mitigates THD and voltage sag, according to the requirements set by the IEEE 519 standards. The research study is carried out by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global electricity demand is increasing with the rising population and rapid urbanization. Building Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system is a new method of renewable energy generation where solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are integrated into the building surfaces such as façade, shades, windows, roofs, and tiles. BIPV systems reduce the urban energy demand. Utilization of vertical surfaces makes the BIPV system a preferable choice where land scarcity affects the implementation of large PV systems. The economic viability depends on the maximum power generated by the BIPV array. In urban environments, the BIPV arrays experience severe partial shading conditions (PSCs). The PSCs cause mismatch losses, reducing the global maximum power of the BIPV array and efficiency. Fixed array configurations such as series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), triple-tied (TT), and quarter-tied (QT) are designed to solve this issue. The cross ties across the rows of the BIPV array improve the performance at the expense of more wiring. Researchers proposed various optimal array configurations with different shading patterns. This research attempts to generalize the design of the BIPV array configurations by considering the trade-off between wiring requirements and shading losses. The performance of SP, TT, QT, and TCT configurations under four different shading conditions is simulated with the proposed BIPV array design algorithm. A 9 × 8 BIPV array of 3.6 kW is considered. QT configuration reduces the wiring requirement by 10.45% compared to TCT and improves up to 8.43% maximum power than SP. The fill factor is improved to 48.49%, and the mismatch loss is limited to 34.10%. Therefore, QT and TCT are considered favorable configurations for BIPV array design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the MPPT algorithm for the proposed hybrid energy system, i.e., PV and wind systems, and is tested for grid-connected and standalone utilities. This study's major objective is to maximize the power output and enhance the power quality of the hybrid renewable energy technologies that have been created. In the literature, many research scholars have worked in the field of MPPT calculations for PV and wind systems, which increases the number of publications in the field of control calculations for hybrid power systems. This study pays attention to designing a controller based on MPPT for extracting maximum energy from wind and PV energy systems. The suggested algorithm is tested in grid and standalone modes, considering variable weather conditions. The proposed system is designed for 500 W solar and wind plants with the usual step-up converter and tested in MATLAB software to judge the efficacy of the suggested controller designed for MPPT. In this work, the suggested radial basis function network is implemented in wind and PV facilities via MPPT technique-based ANN control to obtain the maximum power by using fuzzy controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FSPV (Floating Solar Photovoltaic) is an emerging type of solar energy that aims to help the environment. Since the technology is new, it is not easy to examine the long-term performance, effective control, and feasibility studies of FSPV facilities. The calculation of FSPV panel parameters is crucial in evaluating the actual performance, long-term operation, feasibility, and carbon-saving capacity of FSPV systems. The algorithm of war strategy optimization is used for the parameter estimation of the single-diode model of FSPV. Furthermore, FSPV decreases the environmental impacts of land-based PV (LBPV) plants, such as deforestation for land clearance to install panels. The WSO method outperforms war gradient-based optimization (GBO) and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) regarding effectiveness and accuracy. The WSO method is more effective and accurate than gradient-based optimization (GBO) and Harris Hawks optimization (HHO), with a standard deviation of 3.74387E–17 and a mean of 7.72985E–04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of electrical vehicles is increasing day by day to favor sustainability and mitigate energy crisis and provide an eco-friendly environment for the society. Transport in rural areas mainly depends on battery operated three wheeled vehicles (BoTV). Such vehicles are most reliable source of conveyance in rural India, especially in rural Bengal, mainly due to their lower road space requirement, easy navigation through narrow roads. Convenience of movement on any type of road with door-to-door transport. However, the charging of the batteries used in a BoTV system is becoming an alarming issue these days. Lead acid batteries are used in BoTV system because of its lower cost, but the main drawback is its longer charging period. To address such issues, the authors have proposed a modified fast charging topology in this paper. A solar powered asymmetrical half bridge rectifier with DC–DC energy recovery cell has been designed to minimize the charging time. Besides that, frequent shut down of electricity is the major problem of rural Bengal which hampers the battery charging as well as reduces the daily income of the BoTV operator. By using PV based fast charging techniques this problem can be solved leading to better sustainability. Zero-voltage switching (ZVS) technique is implemented in asymmetrical half bridge (AHB) to increase the charger power density to enhance the quality of charging. ZVS technology of AHB with energy recovery cell makes the charging method faster. According to the analysis and the results, it has been found that the overall charging time of the battery has been reduced by around 2.5 h per day and the savings of a BoTV operator has increased by at least ₹2350 ($28.23) per month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for electricity is rapidly rising, and renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important for maintaining the electric system and servicing isolated demands. Tidal energy, wind energy, and solar energy (SE) are all forms of renewable energy. The solar power system is free of pollution, and enormous volumes of solar radiation reach the earth's surface. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are taking a leading role as solar-based energy sources because of their unique advantages. But in this, the cost of power generation is an important issue since the existing research methods aren't effective. So that this research methodology uses the Cognitive Marine Predators Algorithm (CMPA) based cost-effective PV power generation system and utilization. In this research, first, the design variables, constraints, and the PV modelling is explained. After that, the objective function is determined here. The main objective function is the generation of the cost function and the power loss function. At last, the cost-effective power generation system is designed by the CMPA. In this CMPA, the determined objective functions are considered as the fitness function and the input are the design variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For embracing Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, various industries are implementing process automation and have started leveraging interconnectedness through Industrial Internet of Things. With the help of cloud based solutions, data captured through distributed IoT (Internet of Things) sensors are readily available for system monitoring enabling effective and smart monitoring with higher predictive results. The industries that leverage induction heating systems are also aiming at accomplishing digital transformation to adopt Industry 4.0 and guidelines in this regard are most sought after at this moment. Establishing a real-time monitoring framework for the induction heating systems is a critical enabler for Industry 4.0 adoption. The authors have presented a case study of the real-time monitoring framework for industrial induction heating systems that will enable digital transformation of such industries. This framework is based on AWS (Amazon Web Services) IoT Core and Amazon DeepAR. It takes the full advantage of Amazon cloud features and functionalities. The case study includes development of a web application using React, Node.js and Express to display various dashboards and predictions as well. It would send notifications whenever required based on the configurations set. The dashboards generated show the furnace temperature and power levels with an indication whether they are above the desired levels of temperature and power as well as corresponding performance metrics. The framework uses DeepAR algorithm from Amazon SageMaker to generate forecasts so that preventive measures can be initiated in advance. The same framework can be extended to other industrial processes as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaics have emerged as an economic source of renewable electricity generation for regions with high solar irradiation. Still, the installation of utility-scale PV systems is often disrupted due to the unavailability of land. Sparsely populated areas with a hot, dry climate can mitigate the land-energy conflict as they experience higher solar irradiation. In arid areas, the PV systems incur more losses due to dust deposition on PV modules and reduced energy conversion efficiency at higher temperatures. The shortage of water makes the module cleaning procedures cost-prohibitive. Floating Solar photovoltaic (FSPV) systems resolve these problems due to their reduced land footprint, higher efficiency, and reduce evaporative water loss. This study estimates the energy generation of a 4.8 MW FSPV-based microgrid in a hot, semi-arid urban area. By utilizing 5% area of the waterbody, the FSPV system yields 8.876 GWh of electricity annually, to meet 41.7% electricity demand of the study area. The system generates 16.7% more power compared to the land-based PV system. The performance ratio of 82%, and a DC capacity utilization factor of 20.3% is achieved. The system saves 52,810.32 m3 of water per year, compensating for the water requirement of 786.99 m3. for cleaning and dust removal of PV modules. The weekly cleaning procedure limits the soiling loss to 2.79%, compared to 8.47% after a month without cleaning. The FSPV-based microgrid reduces annual CO2 emissions by 2.93 tonnes. This study shall enable engineers, urban planners, and policymakers to develop clean energy-based, sustainable microgrid solutions for urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is now one of the top five countries in the world for PV and solar thermal power generation. At the same time, we must develop a plan for recycling these massive numbers of solar panels in the future. This article has contributed to proposing the resulting regulatory system. The PV waste management sector is extremely neglected, leaving it entirely to the scrap trading underground. There is not enough of a system in place to collect and reuse the solar panels' components for recycling. In addition, a solid institution to manage this procedure on a commercial scale has yet to be established. As a result, the purpose of this work was to use cost–benefit analysis to determine the economic viability of a solar module recycling project in India. The benefit–cost ratio (BCR) and net present value (NPV) were calculated to be 1.64 and 25.22 million USD, respectively. According to the sensitivity study, the most delicate issues impacting the project's economy were the selling benefits of recycled materials and tax. Finally, this analysis offered strategies for the government and linked businesses to enhance the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a methodology to investigate the stability of transient current limiter (TCL) in distribution systems. The problem is formulated to justify the performance of 12-pulse and six-pulse converter and make an unstable system to stable condition. The proposed approach explicitly deals with stability as well as minimization of total harmonic distortion. Firstly, the conventional methods of Nichols Chart, Nyquist Plot and Bode Plot used to investigate the stability of the network using TCL. In the next stage, a modified TCL circuit is inserted in the network system to make the system completely stable. A comparative analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is shown to make the system harmonic free using MATLAB simulation. The proposed design is found to be more efficient in making the system stable and harmonic free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) is an emerging type of solar energy that aims to help the environment by supplying green and clean energy. Since the technology is new and in its initial stage of development, evaluating the long-term performance, effective control, and feasibility studies of FSPV facilities are necessary for optimization of output and accuracy. The effective analysis and calculation of FSPV panel performances are crucial in determining actual performance, long-term operation, feasibility, and carbon-saving capacity of FSPV systems. This paper presents an analysis and comparison of floating solar power plant installed in saline water under salty humid weather with respect to FSPV plant installed on general lake water and investigates the output for its lifecycle and efficiency. The findings of this research can be useful for policymakers, investors, and engineers involved in the planning and implementation of FSPV projects. A 10 MW capacity floating solar plant is simulated on the brackish water of Chilika Lake covering three districts of Odisha state of India. Factors like wind speed, albedo, temperature, and soiling is considered for better accuracy. The proposed model is simulated in the system advisor model. The payback period and energy outcomes for various soiling conditions along with varied degradations are analyzed, and it is found that the total loss in energy outcome is 4.075 percent annually with a 5.8% increment in the payback time of the installed solar power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Distributed power flow controller can be considered as advance power flow controller which is combination of series and shunt compensator without DC link. In this paper Space vector Pulse width Modulation employs in Distributed power flow Controller for Harmonics Reduction and power quality improvement. A new technique SVPWM adopted which reduces the harmonics and the same time improves power quality and increase transient stability. In this paper a new technique of Multi objective Grey wolf algorithm used to optimize the controller parameter of DPFC. For the design of PI controller GWO algorithm can be used for better optimistic performance of DPFC. As a result of that power quality and voltage profile improves drastically and the same time harmonics also reduced remarkable level of 4.62% of Voltage THD and 1.8% of current THD. The simulation result and hardware model Prove the feasibility of proposed Configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotor turn short circuit fault of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in the distribution system has a significant issue caused by unbalance loading. This fault has a significant electromagnetic impact on the rotor winding in relation to the machine’s external equipment. As a result, while designing the power system distribution network, the PMSMs rotor winding short circuit current limitation receives majority of attention. For simulation a 3-phase short-circuit model of synchronous generator is developed here by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Therefore, a method is used to determine a PMSM’s internal winding quantity in the event of a short circuit, as well as its location within the distribution network. The PMSM is energized with a small sinusoidal voltage at standstill situation in this suggested approach to compute the synchronous inductance and winding resistance through the output current. It has been demonstrated that the number of shorted windings may be calculated using the variation of output current caused by an internal winding short circuit event under zero fault resistance condition. Except for intricate machine modelling or investigation of machine internal winding short circuit models comprising several tappings, this useful technique can be used to determine fault intensity for a specific synchronous machine. This paper primarily addressed on fault extremity protection strategies using before-fault and after-fault activities by employing harmonic filters. A three-phase synchronous machine model with a protective system is implemented in the distribution network using MATLAB/SIMULINK is taken into consideration in order to verify the findings. The results presented in this work are vital to a complete solution that includes fault reduction techniques. Harmonics elimination and instant fault mitigation techniques with load unbalancing are analyzed based on effective outcomes to judge the system stability and feasibility of the short circuit current intensity assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]