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Sociology as a dominant discipline usually assesses the two groups of countries in various terms. The industrial world (The North) is widely different from the countries of developing world (The South) including their demographic trends. The North world countries that experienced socio-cultural change earlier, their demographic norms and values have changed too in that, women have started giving birth to fewer children, followed by less maternal mortality and longer life expectancy for them. In African countries where women give birth to 7-8 children, they usually remain at very high risk. Sociology as a comprehensive social science investigates the causeand- effect of high and low fertility rate within women. Quality of children in the South world countries among other factors remain poor from nutritional and educational viewpoints. One of the risks of high pregnancy and child birth is associated with deaths of mothers. Babies of such mothers are at the risk of low birth weight and often preterm birth. Average age of the first birth between 26 and 29 years, overall, provides better opportunities and quality of life to the newborns. While Africa is a great threat, as far as high birth rate is concerned, Asian (especially East Asian) countries are improving well, and currently have a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 1.5 children in their life time by an average woman. China also took a revolutionary step since 1979 to modify its population patterns. Method of research used in the present paper is of qualitative type, using documents to complete the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]