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The Ophioglossaceae family, one of the oldest orders of extant ferns, exhibits diverse morphological and chromosomal characteristics. This study presents the first complete plastome sequence of thermal adder's-tongue fern ( Ophioglossum thermale ), a species renowned for its antioxidant properties in traditional Chinese medicine. Our analyses revealed 27 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the plastome, with variations in SSR frequencies compared to related genera. Our phylogenetic analyses placed O. thermale within the Ophioglossum s.s. clade, supporting previous studies and suggesting polyphyly within the genus Ophioglossum based on the sensu PPG I system. The enlarged noncoding regions in fern organelles (ENRFOs) resulting from foreign DNA insertions in O. thermale were identified in the ycf2-trnH and trnT-trnfM regions, similar to other Ophioglossum species. ENRFOs were found at the LSC and SSC, but not in IRs in Ophioglossaceae. Consequently, foreign DNA insertions and lineage-specific SSRs shed light on plastome evolution in the Ophioglossaceae family., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

This study analyzed the complete plastome sequence of the neo-allotetraploid Asplenium pseudocapillipes S.H.Park et al. Asplenium pseudocapillipes has a typical circular plastome that comprises 157,242 bp with a large single copy (84,105 bp), a small single copy (21,503 bp), and two inverted repeats (IRs; 25,817 bp). The complete sequence comprises 127 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes (CDSs), eight ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 31 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and one pseudogene. Among these genes, five CDSs, four rRNAs, and five tRNAs are duplicated in IRs. The guanine-cytosine content of the genome was 41.5%. The enlarged noncoding regions by Mobile Open Reading Frames in Fern Organelles were found once in other Asplenium species and twice in A. pseudocapillipes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 83 coding gene sequences revealed that A. pseudocapillipes is embedded in the A. varians subclade along with its progenitors., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

In this study, we determined the chloroplast genome sequence of the Austral king fern, Todea barbara (L.) Moore. The plastome of T. barbara is a typical circular form composed of 144,208 bp with two inverted repeats (IRs; 10,442 bp), a large single copy (LSC; 101,059 bp), and a small single copy (SSC; 22,265 bp). The complete sequence comprises 131 genes, namely 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs, and 38 transfer RNAs. The guanine-cytosine (GC) content of the genome was found to be 39.9%. Additionally, U-to-C RNA editing sites were identified in eight genes: atpE , chlB , clpP , matK , rpl20 , rpoB , rpoC1 , and rpoC2 . Phylogenetic analysis using 85 coding gene sequences revealed that the genera Todea and Osmunda form a clade and that the genus Osmundastrum is a sister genus to both., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Crepidomanes latealatum (Bosch) Copel. was determined in the present study. The genome is 145,943 base pairs (bp) in length and comprised two inverted repeats (32,990 bp) between a large single copy (92,170 bp) and a small single copy (20,783 bp). It contains 88 coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 34 tRNA genes, and 1 pseudogene of trnL-UAA, and the GC content is 37.6%. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genome sequences of related taxa strongly supported the monophyly of the family Hymenophyllaceae, and the genus Vandenboschia was a sister group of Crepidomanes . In addition, compared to C. minutum, two large deletions of 453 bp and 878 bp were found in the IGS regions of petA-psbI and rrn16-trnV-GAC of C. latealatum cp genome, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest in this study., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Acer pseudosieboldianum (Sapindaceae) was determined. The chloroplast genome of A. pseudosieboldianum is 157,053 bp in length with two inverted repeats (26,747 bp) between a large single-copy (85,391 bp) and a small single-copy (18,168 bp). The GC content was 37.8% and it was composed of 86 coding genes, eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and two pseudogenes, rps2 , and ycf1 . Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genome sequences strongly supported the hypothesis that A. pseudosieboldianum was embedded in the series Palmata of section Palmata. However, the phylogenetic positions of A. ukurunduense and A. buergerianum , which are a members of the series Penninervia of sections Palmata and Pentaphylla , respectively, were incongruent with the recent sectional classification system., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

We have sequenced the Ziziphus jujuba cv. Bokjo chloroplast genome by de novo assembly using next-generation sequencing. The complete circular chloroplast genome consisted of 161,714 bp and contained four parts: a large single-copy (LSC) region of 89,323 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,361 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 26,515 bp each. The genome annotation predicted a total of 110 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the close taxonomic relationship between Z. jujuba cv. Bokjo and two other members of the Ziziphus genus, Z. spina-christi and Z. mauritiana . We found 135 polymorphic loci, 63 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 72 insertion-deletion (InDel), from the comparison of Z. jujuba cultivar Bokjo and Z. jujuba reference (NC_030299). The polymorphic loci could be used for the differentiation of Z. jujuba genetic resources and for breeding in the future., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Haplopteris flexuosa , a member of Vittarioideae (family Pteridaceae), was determined. The chloroplast genome of H. flexuosa was 165,664 bp in length with two inverted repeats (32,556 bp) between a large single copy (79,996 bp) and a small single copy (20,556 bp). The GC content was higher than that of related taxa H. elongate , and it was caused by high GC content of expanded regions by insertion of mobile open reading frames in fern organelles (MORFFO) found in the family Pteridaceae. And also, we found that rrn5-rps12 enlarged region of H. flexuosa was similar to MORFFOs of other Pteridaceae., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of LHeucanthemella linearis was newly analyzed in this study. It was 151,395 bp in length and was a typical circular structure composed of a large single-copy region (LSC) (83,080 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,391 bp) which were separated by two inverted repeat regions (24,962 bp). It was totally 6 bp shorter than the Chinese L. linearis cp genome and was composed of 132 genes. There were four regional specific Indels between them in the LSC region as well as 20 bp insertion in the intergenic spacer region excluding poly-A/T sequence variation. And it was clear that both of Luecanthemella linearis were sister to Chrysanthemum - Artemisia groups and their phylogenetic relationship from this study., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Ajania pacifica, called as golden and silver chrysanthemum, was newly analyzed in this study. It was 151,059 bp in length and was a typical circular structure composed of and comprised of a large single copy region (82,857 bp) and a small single copy region (18,294 bp) which were separated by two inverted repeat regions (24,954 bp). The molecular phylogenetic analyses of A. pacifica and its related taxa was conducted based on the complete chloroplast genome sequences, and it was proved that the genus Ajania is embedded in the genus Chrysanthemum clade as well as a monotypic genus Opisthopappus . In the other hand, the genus Artemisia was divided into two group in the tribe Anthemideae., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonicus, an endemic species to Ulleung Island of Korea and used as plant material for folk remedies, was firstly analyzed in this study. It showed a typical circular structure composed of 151,782 bp in length and comprised of a large single-copy region (82,903bp) and a small single-copy region (17,667 bp) which were separated by two inverted repeat regions (25,606 bp). From the phylogenetic analyses of related taxa using the complete chloroplast genome sequences, it was proved that T. quinquecostatus var. japonicus is sister to the member of genus Mentha within the subfamily Nepetoideae., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Lilium pardalinum Kellogg is native to the Pacific Coast of the United States, and grows in woodland near streams. In the present study, the complete plastome of L. pardalinum was sequenced. The plastome sequence is 151,969 bp long with a large single copy, a small single copy, and two inverted repeat regions of length 81,401, 17,346, and 26,611 bp, respectively. A total of 133 genes were identified, including 82 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, 38 transfer RNAs, and 5 pseudogenes. Among the 5 pseudogenes, pseudo ndhF and ndhG genes were similar to that of L. washingtonianum and L. philadelphicum , respectively. Lilium pardalinum is sister to American lilies, except L. philadelphicum ., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Lilium washingtonianum Kellogg is native to Western America and grows on slope in high subalpine. In the present study, the complete plastome of L. washingtonianum was sequenced. The plastome sequence was 151,967 bp long, with a large single copy region of 81,393 bp, a small single copy region of 17,352 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 26,611 bp each. Total 133 genes were identified, including 83 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, 38 transfer RNAs, and 4 pseudogenes. Among four pseudogenes, pseudo ndhF gene was the first to report among Lilium species so far. The phylogenetic position of L. washingtonianum was sister to L. superbum but American lilies were not monophyletic., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The flower shape of Lilium bulbiferum L. is different from that of the other European lilies. The phylogenetic position of the plant has been changed frequently. In the present study, we have sequenced the complete plastome of L. bulbiferum . The plastome sequence was 152,686 bp long, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,083 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,619 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,492 bp each. It contained 133 genes, including 83 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, 38 transfer RNAs, and 4 pseudogenes. The GC contents of LSC, SSC, and IT were 34.8%, 30.7%, and 42.5%, respectively, corresponding to 37.0% of the total GC content. The phylogenetic position of L. bulbiferum was closely related to the north-eastern lilies., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)