Search

Sarcophaga gracilior Chen, 1975 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) plays a significant role in epidemiology and medicine. In this study, we first report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. gracilior. This mitogenome was 15,534 bp in length (GenBank No. MW531675), comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a non-coding control region. The arrangement of genes was identical to that of ancestral metazoan. Nucleotide composition revealed a strong A + T bias, accounting for 76.7% (A 39.6%, G 9.3%, C 14.0%, T 37.1%). The phylogenetic relationships indicated that the species of S. gracilior emerged as sister to Sarcophaga melanura. This study provides important mitochondrial data for further studying evolutionary relationships and species identification of flesh flies.

Sarcophila mongolica Chao & Zhang, 1988 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is considered to be of ecological and medical significance. In this study, we report the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. mongolica. This mitogenome was composed of 15,936 bp in length (GenBank accession no. MT845211), comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a non-coding control region. The arrangement of genes was identical to that of ancestral metazoan. Nucleotide composition revealed a strong A + T bias, accounting for 75.40% (A 38.2%, G 9.7%, C 14.9%, and T 37.2%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. mongolica was obviously separated from the other flesh flies. This mitogenome provides important genetic data for further understanding of the evolutionary relationship within Sarcophagid flies.

Sarcophaga tuberosa has certain sanitary and epidemiological significance and takes proteins from decaying matter. In this study, we first sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. tuberosa. The length of mitogenome was 15,173 bp, consisting of A (39.5%), G (9.4%), T (37.0%), and C (14.1%), and the order and orientation of genes were identical with that from the mittogenomes of flesh flies previously reported. Phylogenetic analyses showed that S. tuberosa was clustered separately, but which was closed to the species of Sarcophaga portschinskyi. This study provided better support for further understanding of phylogenetic relationships and enriched the mitogenome database of flesh flies.

Sarcophaga pterygota (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) plays a crucial role in medical and veterinary management. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. pterygota was first sequenced and annotated. The circle DNA is composed of 13 protein-coding genes (13 PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (2 rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA (22 tRNAs) and a AT-rich region. It shows that arrangement of the genes is similar with the classical metazoan. The size of mitogenome is 15,236 bp containing A (40.0%), G (9.3%), T (36.6%), and C (14.1%). Moreover, phylogenetic analysis reveals that the branch of S. pterygota is clustered separately. This study enriches the mitogenome database of flesh flies and represents progress for analyzing of phylogenetic relationships.

Sarcophaga caudagalli belonging to the Sarcophagidae is significant for medical and veterinary management. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. caudagalli was first sequenced and annotated. The circular molecule was 15,029 bp in length, containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an A + T-rich region). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the clade of S. caudagalli was clustered separately.

Necrobia ruficollis is a common beetle found on decaying corpse of forensic studies. The complete mitogenome of N. ruficollis was reported in the present study. The mitogenome was 14,443 bp in length totally, with a base composition of 39.4% for A, 10.3% for G, 37.9% for T, and 12.4% for C. The AT content bias was 77.3%. Twenty-two tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and two rRNA genes were anotated. Most of tRNAs could folded into the typical clover-leaf structure, excepte tRNA-Ser (AGN). The result of phylogenetic analyses exhibited that N. ruficollis belong to the family Cleridae.

Hydrotaea dentipes (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the forensically important fly species and distributed worldwide. We describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the H. dentipes for the first time. It is a circular molecule of 16,070 bp in size, consisting of A (40.10%), G (9.20%), T (38.50%), and C (12.30%). The order and structure of the genes are similar to other Muscidae species. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is composed of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and a non-coding AT-rich region. Most PCGs used the canonical putative codon to start and stop.

Seniorwhitea reciproca belongs to the Sarcophaga genus, Sarcophagidae family and Diptera order. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of S. reciproca. The circular molecule is 15,973 bp in length, consisting of A (39.80%), G (9.27%), T (36.44%), and C (14.49%), and it is composed of 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, and a non-coding AT-rich region. 12 PCGs start with ATN, particularly, COI gene starting with TCG, and most PCGs use the typical stop codon TAA. Besides, the phylogenetic analyses upon mitogenomics would provide us further insights on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Sarcophagidae.

Sarcophaga ruficornis (Pape ) plays a significant role in medicolegal application for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been broadly applied to phylogenetic analyses and species identification as a genetic marker. The complete mitogenome of S. ruficornis was first sequenced and analyzed. This study would strengthen our understanding of its phylogenetic relationship and contribute to taxonomic diagnosis.

Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux Thomson (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a flesh fly species of medical and forensic importance in many parts of the world, both as a fly with the necrophagous habits found on human corpses and a vector of disease or parasitic, myiasis-producing agent. The complete mitochondria gene (mitogenome) of S. dux was first sequenced, annotated and phylogenetic analyses with other 10 species of the sarcophagidae in this study. This work improves the databases of sarcophagidae species, and provides support for further study of mitochondrial genome architecture and phylogenetics.

Graphomya rufitibia (Diptera: Muscidae) was distributed worldwide. In this study, the complete mitogenome of G. rufitibia was sequenced and annotated, and the full-length was a 15,374 bp fragment, consisting of A (40.64%), G (8.96%), T (36.80%), and C (13.59%). The mitogenome is composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding AT-rich region. Most PCGs used the canonical putative codon to start and stop, 21 tRNAs are folded into the classic clover-leaf structure, with the one exception of tRNA-Ser (AGN). A total length of 11,182 bp encoding 3727 amino acids, and account for 72.7% of the whole mitogenome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that G. rufitibia belongs to family Mydaeinae.