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Eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion verursacht in bis zu 20% der Fälle nur gastroenterologische Symptome wie Diarrhö, Bauchschmerzen, Übelkeit oder Appetitlosigkeit. Auch konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Viren mit dem Stuhl ausgeschieden werden. Das Coronavirus ist zudem ein neuer Faktor in der Behandlung chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED) — und bei Endoskopien.

Liver and intestine are in close contact with each other. The risk of damage to the liver increases, when the intestinal barrier is damaged ("leaky gut") .The review article describes how intestinal bacteria influence the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and what treatment options are available.Intestinal dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis. Intestinal microbial modulating therapy with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics shows positive effects. The more precise meaning of this therapeutic approach needs to be clarified in further studies.

The concept of the brain-gut axis describes the communication between the central and enteric nervous system. The exchange of information takes place in both directions. The great advances in molecular medicine in recent years led to the discovery of an enormous number of microorganisms in the intestine (gut microbiome), which greatly affect the function of the brain-gut axis.OverviewNumerous studies indicate that the dysfunction of the brain-gut axis could lead to both inflammatory and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, it was shown that a faulty composition of the gut microbiota in childhood influences the maturation of the central nervous system and thus may favor the development of mental disorders such as autism, depression, or other. An exact causal relationship between psyche and microbiome must be clarified by further studies in order to find new therapeutic options.