11 results on '"Marynak, Kristy"'
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2. Delay or Avoidance of Medical Care Because of COVID-19-Related Concerns - United States, June 2020.
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Czeisler, Mark É., Marynak, Kristy, Clarke, Kristie E. N., Salah, Zainab, Shakya, Iju, Thierry, JoAnn M., Ali, Nida, McMillan, Hannah, Wiley, Joshua F., Weaver, Matthew D., Czeisler, Charles A., Rajaratnam, Shantha M. W., and Howard, Mark E.
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MEDICAL care , *HEALTH facilities , *MEDICAL personnel , *COVID-19 , *COVID-19 pandemic , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities - Abstract
Temporary disruptions in routine and nonemergency medical care access and delivery have been observed during periods of considerable community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). However, medical care delay or avoidance might increase morbidity and mortality risk associated with treatable and preventable health conditions and might contribute to reported excess deaths directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 (2). To assess delay or avoidance of urgent or emergency and routine medical care because of concerns about COVID-19, a web-based survey was administered by Qualtrics, LLC, during June 24-30, 2020, to a nationwide representative sample of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years. Overall, an estimated 40.9% of U.S. adults have avoided medical care during the pandemic because of concerns about COVID-19, including 12.0% who avoided urgent or emergency care and 31.5% who avoided routine care. The estimated prevalence of urgent or emergency care avoidance was significantly higher among the following groups: unpaid caregivers for adults* versus noncaregivers (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.9); persons with two or more selected underlying medical conditions† versus those without those conditions (aPR = 1.9); persons with health insurance versus those without health insurance (aPR = 1.8); non-Hispanic Black (Black) adults (aPR = 1.6) and Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) adults (aPR = 1.5) versus non-Hispanic White (White) adults; young adults aged 18-24 years versus adults aged 25-44 years (aPR = 1.5); and persons with disabilities§ versus those without disabilities (aPR = 1.3). Given this widespread reporting of medical care avoidance because of COVID-19 concerns, especially among persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19, urgent efforts are warranted to ensure delivery of services that, if deferred, could result in patient harm. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, persons experiencing a medical emergency should seek and be provided care without delay (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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3. State and Territorial Laws Prohibiting Sales of Tobacco Products to Persons Aged <21 Years - United States, December 20, 2019.
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Marynak, Kristy, Mahoney, Margaret, Williams, Kisha-Ann S., Tynan, Michael A., Reimels, Elizabeth, and King, Brian A.
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Raising the minimum legal sales age (MLSA) for tobacco products to 21 years (T21) is a strategy to help prevent and delay the initiation of tobacco product use (1). On December 20, 2019, Congress raised the federal MLSA for tobacco products from 18 to 21 years. Before enactment of the federal T21 law, localities, states, and territories were increasingly adopting their own T21 laws as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent youth initiation of tobacco products, particularly in response to recent increases in use of e-cigarettes among youths (2). Nearly all tobacco product use begins during adolescence, and minors have cited social sources such as older peers and siblings as a common source of access to tobacco products (1,3). State and territorial T21 laws vary widely and can include provisions that might not benefit the public's health, including penalties to youths for purchase, use, or possession of tobacco products; exemptions for military populations; phase-in periods; and preemption of local laws. To understand the landscape of U.S. state and territorial T21 laws before enactment of the federal law, CDC assessed state and territorial laws prohibiting sales of all tobacco products to persons aged <21 years. As of December 20, 2019, 19 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Guam, and Palau had enacted T21 laws, including 13 enacted in 2019. Compared with T21 laws enacted during 2013-2018, more laws enacted in 2019 have purchase, use, or possession penalties; military exemptions; phase-in periods of 1 year or more; and preemption of local laws related to tobacco product sales. T21 laws could help prevent and reduce youth tobacco product use when implemented as part of a comprehensive approach that includes evidence-based, population-based tobacco control strategies such as smoke-free laws and pricing strategies (1,4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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4. Severe Pulmonary Disease Associated with Electronic-Cigarette-Product Use - Interim Guidance.
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Schier, Joshua G., Meiman, Jonathan G., Layden, Jennifer, Mikosz, Christina A., VanFrank, Brenna, King, Brian A., Salvatore, Phillip P., Weissman, David N., Thomas, Jerry, Melstrom, Paul C., Baldwin, Grant T., Parker, Erin M., Courtney-Long, Elizabeth A., Krishnasamy, Vikram P., Pickens, Cassandra M., Evans, Mary E., Tsay, Sharon V., Powell, Krista M., Kiernan, Emily A., and Marynak, Kristy L.
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LUNG diseases ,MEDICAL personnel ,SCIENCE education ,ELECTRONIC cigarettes ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene - Abstract
On September 6, 2019, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). As of August 27, 2019, 215 possible cases of severe pulmonary disease associated with the use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products (e.g., devices, liquids, refill pods, and cartridges) had been reported to CDC by 25 state health departments. E-cigarettes are devices that produce an aerosol by heating a liquid containing various chemicals, including nicotine, flavorings, and other additives (e.g., propellants, solvents, and oils). Users inhale the aerosol, including any additives, into their lungs. Aerosols produced by e-cigarettes can contain harmful or potentially harmful substances, including heavy metals such as lead, volatile organic compounds, ultrafine particles, cancer-causing chemicals, or other agents such as chemicals used for cleaning the device (1). E-cigarettes also can be used to deliver tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of cannabis, or other drugs; for example, "dabbing" involves superheating substances that contain high concentrations of THC and other plant compounds (e.g., cannabidiol) with the intent of inhaling the aerosol. E-cigarette users could potentially add other substances to the devices. This report summarizes available information and provides interim case definitions and guidance for reporting possible cases of severe pulmonary disease. The guidance in this report reflects data available as of September 6, 2019; guidance will be updated as additional information becomes available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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5. Notes from the Field: Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Products Confiscated in Public High Schools in California and North Carolina - March and May 2019.
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Shamout, Mays, Tanz, Lauren, Herzig, Carolyn, Oakley, Lisa P., Peak, Corey M., Heinzerling, Amy, Hast, Marisa, McGowan, Eileen, Williams, Rebecca J., Hess, Catherine, Chunxia Wang, Planche, Sarah, Herndon, Sally, Martin, Jim, Kansagra, Susan M., Al-Shawaf, Maeh, Melstrom, Paul, Marynak, Kristy, Tynan, Michael A., and Agaku, Israel T.
- Abstract
The article discusses E-cigarette, or vaping, products have electronic devices that produce an inhalable aerosol by heating an e-liquid typically contains nicotine and additives. Topics include E-cigarette using for U.S. youths increased considerably for 2017–2019; and 1,000 e-cigarette, or vaping, products have collected from 25 high schools in California and North Carolina for the 2018–19 academic year.
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- 2020
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6. Tobacco Cessation Interventions and Smoke-Free Policies in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities - United States, 2016.
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Marynak, Kristy, VanFrank, Brenna, Tetlow, Sonia, Mahoney, Margaret, Phillips, Elyse, Jamal, Ahmed, Schecter, Anna, Tipperman, Doug, Babb, Stephen, and Jamal Mbbs, Ahmed
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SUBSTANCE abuse , *MENTAL health services , *SMOKE , *MENTAL health ,TOBACCO & health - Abstract
Persons with mental or substance use disorders or both are more than twice as likely to smoke cigarettes as persons without such disorders and are more likely to die from smoking-related illness than from their behavioral health conditions (1,2). However, many persons with behavioral health conditions want to and are able to quit smoking, although they might require more intensive treatment (2,3). Smoking cessation reduces smoking-related disease risk and could improve mental health and drug and alcohol recovery outcomes (1,3,4). To assess tobacco-related policies and practices in mental health and substance abuse treatment facilities (i.e., behavioral health treatment facilities) in the United States (including Puerto Rico), CDC and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) analyzed data from the 2016 National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS) and the 2016 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). In 2016, among mental health treatment facilities, 48.9% reported screening patients for tobacco use, 37.6% offered tobacco cessation counseling, 25.2% offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), 21.5% offered non-nicotine tobacco cessation medications, and 48.6% prohibited smoking in all indoor and outdoor locations (i.e., smoke-free campus). In 2016, among substance abuse treatment facilities, 64.0% reported screening patients for tobacco use, 47.4% offered tobacco cessation counseling, 26.2% offered NRT, 20.3% offered non-nicotine tobacco cessation medications, and 34.5% had smoke-free campuses. Full integration of tobacco cessation interventions into behavioral health treatment, coupled with implementation of tobacco-free campus policies in behavioral health treatment settings, could decrease tobacco use and tobacco-related disease and could improve behavioral health outcomes among persons with mental and substance use disorders (1-4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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7. Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertising Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2014-2016.
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Marynak, Kristy, Gentzke, Andrea, Wang, Teresa W., Neff, Linda, and King, Brian A.
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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. middle and high school students (1). Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements is associated with higher odds of current e-cigarette use among middle and high school students (2-4). To assess patterns of self-reported exposure to four e-cigarette advertising sources (retail stores, the Internet, television, and newspapers and magazines), CDC analyzed data from the 2014, 2015, and 2016 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTSs). Overall, exposure to e-cigarette advertising from at least one source increased each year during 2014-2016 (2014: 68.9%, 18.3 million; 2015: 73.0%, 19.2 million; 2016: 78.2%, 20.5 million). In 2016, exposure was highest for retail stores (68.0%), followed by the Internet (40.6%), television (37.7%), and newspapers and magazines (23.9%). During 2014-2016, youth exposure to e-cigarette advertising increased for retail stores (54.8% to 68.0%), decreased for newspapers and magazines (30.4% to 23.9%), and did not significantly change for the Internet or television. A comprehensive strategy to prevent and reduce youth use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products includes efforts to reduce youth exposure to e-cigarette advertising from a range of sources, including retail stores, television, the Internet, and print media such as newspapers and magazines (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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8. State Laws Regarding Indoor Public Use, Retail Sales, and Prices of Electronic Cigarettes - U.S. States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands, September 30, 2017.
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Marynak, Kristy, Kenemer, Brandon, King, Brian A., Tynan, Michael A., MacNeil, Allison, and Reimels, Elizabeth
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ELECTRONIC cigarettes , *SMOKING laws , *LABELS , *SMOKING paraphernalia manufacturing , *MARKETING of cigarettes , *GOVERNMENT policy , *LAW ,CIGARETTE labeling - Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most frequently used tobacco product among U.S. youths, and past 30-day e-cigarette use is more prevalent among high school students than among adults (1,2). E-cigarettes typically deliver nicotine, and the U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that nicotine exposure during adolescence can cause addiction and can harm the developing adolescent brain (2). Through authority granted by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibits e-cigarette sales to minors, free samples, and vending machine sales, except in adult-only facilities (3). States, localities, territories, and tribes maintain broad authority to adopt additional or more stringent requirements regarding tobacco product use, sales, marketing, and other topics (2,4). To understand the current e-cigarette policy landscape in the United States, CDC assessed state and territorial laws that 1) prohibit e-cigarette use and conventional tobacco smoking indoors in restaurants, bars, and worksites; 2) require a retail license to sell e-cigarettes; 3) prohibit e-cigarette self-service displays (e.g., requirement that products be kept behind the counter or in a locked box); 4) establish 21 years as the minimum age of purchase for all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes (tobacco-21); and 5) apply an excise tax to e-cigarettes. As of September 30, 2017, eight states, the District of Columbia (DC), and Puerto Rico prohibited indoor e-cigarette use and smoking in indoor areas of restaurants, bars, and worksites; 16 states, DC, and the U.S. Virgin Islands required a retail license to sell e-cigarettes; 26 states prohibited e-cigarette self-service displays; five states, DC, and Guam had tobacco-21 laws; and eight states, DC, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands taxed e-cigarettes. Sixteen states had none of the assessed laws. A comprehensive approach that combines state-level strategies to reduce youths' initiation of e-cigarettes and population exposure to e-cigarette aerosol, coupled with federal regulation, could help reduce health risks posed by e-cigarettes among youths (2,5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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9. Characteristics of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2015.
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Singh, Tushar, Kennedy, Sara, Marynak, Kristy, Persoskie, Alexander, Melstrom, Paul, and King, Brian A.
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ELECTRONIC cigarettes ,HIGH school students -- Substance use ,MIDDLE school students ,TOBACCO use ,NICOTINE addiction ,PUBLIC health ,SUBSTANCE abuse - Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are now the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. youths (1,2); in 2015, 5.3% of middle school students and 16.0% of high school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days (1). However, limited information exists on the e-cigarette product types and brands used and the substances used in these products by youths. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to examine the characteristics of e-cigarette use among U.S. middle (grades 6-8) and high (grades 9-12) school students in 2015, including types of products used, brands of products used, and whether substances other than nicotine were used with the products. Among respondents reporting ever having used an e-cigarette, 14.5% used only disposable e-cigarettes, 53.4% used only rechargeable/refillable e-cigarettes, and 32.1% used both types. Two of the most commonly used e-cigarette brands were blu (26.4%, 1.65 million youths) and VUSE (12.2%, 760,000 youths); half of students (50.7%, 3.18 million) did not know the brand of e-cigarette they used. One third (32.5%) of those who reported ever using an e-cigarette also reported having used e-cigarettes for substances other than nicotine. Preventing youths from beginning use of any tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, is critical to tobacco use prevention and control strategies in the United States (3). Monitoring the characteristics of e-cigarette use among youths, including product types, brands, and ingredients, is important to inform strategies to prevent and reduce e-cigarette use among youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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10. Vital Signs: Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertising Among Middle School and High School Students -- United States, 2014.
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Singh, Tushar, Marynak, Kristy, Arrazola, René A., Cox, Shanna, Rolle, Italia V., and King, Brian A.
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ELECTRONIC cigarettes , *SMOKING paraphernalia , *CIGARETTE advertising , *HIGH school students , *TOBACCO & cancer , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased considerably among U.S. youths since 2011. Tobacco use among youths in any form, including e-cigarettes, is unsafe. Tobacco product advertising can persuade youths to start using tobacco. CDC analyzed data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette advertisement exposure among U.S. middle school and high school students. Methods: The 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a school-based survey of middle school and high school students in grades 6-12, included 22,007 participants. Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements (categorized as "sometimes," "most of the time," or "always") was assessed for four sources: retail stores, Internet, TV and movies, and newspapers and magazines. Weighted exposure estimates were assessed overall and by school type, sex, race/ethnicity, and grade. Results: In 2014, 68.9% of middle and high school students (18.3 million) were exposed to e-cigarette advertisements from at least one source. Among middle school students, exposure was highest for retail stores (52.8%), followed by Internet (35.8%), TV and movies (34.1%), and newspapers and magazines (25.0%). Among high school students, exposure was highest for retail stores (56.3%), followed by Internet (42.9%), TV and movies (38.4%), and newspapers and magazines (34.6%). Among middle school students, 23.4% reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising from one source, 17.4% from two sources, 13.7% from three sources, and 11.9% from four sources. Among high school students, 21.1% reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising from one source, 17.0% from two sources, 14.5% from three sources, and 18.2% from four sources. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice: Approximately seven in 10 U.S. middle and high school students were exposed to e-cigarette advertisements in 2014. Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements might contribute to increased use of e-cigarettes among youths. Multiple approaches are warranted to reduce youth e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements, including efforts to reduce youth access to settings where tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, are sold, and regulation of youth-oriented e-cigarette marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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11. State Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors and Indoor Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems -- United States, November 2014.
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Marynak, Kristy, Holmes, Carissa Baker, King, Brian A., Promoff, Gabbi, Bunnell, Rebecca, and McAfee, Timothy
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ELECTRONIC cigarettes , *MINORS , *NONSMOKING areas , *SMOKING laws , *TOBACCO use , *PUBLIC health , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *LAW - Abstract
The article discusses a study that assessed the laws prohibiting the sales of electronic nicotine delivers systems (ENDS) to minors and their use indoors as of November 2014. Topics covered include disadvantages and health benefits in using ENDS such as cessation from using combustible tobacco products and exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand aerosol from ENDS. Findings indicated effectivity of smoke-free regulations and prohibition of ENDS sales to minors for greater public health.
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- 2014
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