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The (3+1)-dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Gardner–Kadomtsov–Petviashvili (GKP) equation is a mathematical model that describes the propagation of nonlinear waves in a four-dimensional space-time. The GKP equation is used as a mathematical tool for studying the dynamics of nonlinear waves in a variety of physical systems including fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, plasma physics. The GKP equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) with mixed spatial and temporal derivatives. It exhibits various interesting phenomena, such as soliton solutions, wave interactions and wave turbulence depending on the values of the conditions. The improved F-expansion technique and generalized Kudryashov technique are successfully employed to evaluate the soliton solutions of governing model. The GKP equation supports various types of soliton solutions, such as bright solitons and dark solitons, depending on the specific parameters. The study of solitons in the GKP equation provides insights into the stability, propagation, and interaction of nonlinear waves in higher-dimensional spaces. The nonlinear terms in the GKP equation are responsible for wave–wave interactions. When multiple waves co-exist in a medium, they can interact with each other, leading to complex phenomena. The nature of wave interactions in the GKP equation depends on the specific values of the coefficients. The GKP equation has many applications in various areas of physics and mathematics. It has been used to model nonlinear waves in several fields and Bose–Einstein condensates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the new closed form solutions to (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii system that describes interaction of a Riemann wave propagation. The extended Fan sub-equation technique is used to investigate some new traveling wave solutions to the higher-dimensional coupled model. The obtained closed form solutions are named as shock, kink, shock and periodic soliton solutions. Clearly, the outcomes of the study confirm the strength of the current approach. Moreover, the obtained results are helpful for the understanding of non-linear wave propagation and are of great interest to present-day scientists and can be employed to deal with more complex models arising in diverse disciplines of contemporary science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]