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Objective Tumor is a major public health problem harmful to people's health. Cell copper death provides a new idea for the basic research of tumor. This paper reviews the latest progress of cell copper death in the field of tumor prevention and treatment. Methods The literatures related to copper death in tumor prevention and treatment were summarized, and the research status of copper death related genes in different types of tumors was reviewed. Results Ferredoxin 1 (FDXl), lipoic acid synthase (LIAS), dihydro lipocyte answers (DLAT), and dihydro lipoamide S-succinyl transferase (DLST) were the key regulatory genes of copper death, which were abnormally expressed in lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer. Among them, the low expression of FDXl in tumor patients was related to the poor prognosis of the disease, while the overall survival time of cancer patients with high expression of DLA T and DLST genes was decreased. In addition, targeting copper death protein and promoting cell copper death inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Several genes related to copper death, such as FDXl, LIAS, DLAT, and DLST, are abnormally expressed in cancer patients and are related to the occurrence, development, metastasis, and prognosis of the tumor. Targeted promotion of cell copper death and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation provide a new direction for future basic research in the field of tumor, which has public health significance for tumor prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) issued a new version of the general rules on food hygiene in 2020, which revised and improved the structure, definition and technical contents of the standard, clarified the important role of good hygiene practices in food safety management, and emphasized the advantages of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCPL) in dealing with more complex food safety issues. It also added the latest achievements of standardization research in the field of food safety in recent years, such as allergen control and food safety culture. By comparing the new version of the standard with the 2003 edition of general principles of food hygiene, this paper expounds and analyzes the main changes of the new version of the standard in detail, so as to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of food-related standards in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the risk factors of imported food through the multi 一 dimensional comparative analysis of the food information published by the General Administration of Customs and to provide data reference for supervisors, and to improve the supervision of imported food. Methods This paper mainly collected and summarized the 48 periods of non 一 permitted entry food data released by the Import and Export Food Safety Bureau of the General Administration of Customs during 2019 一 2022 and made a comparative analysis of the sources of non - permitted entry food, food production enterprises, product types, non 一 permitted entry facts and other dimensions. Results From 2019 一 2022, there were a total of 9 506 batches of food that were not allowed to enter the country, and the food that was not allowed to enter the country came from 112 countries and regions, with the highest proportion of food batches from Japan. The food came from 3 941 production enterprises, where 11 countries or regions holding non 一 permitted entry food production enterprises, accounting for more than 50% of the total number of enterprises. According to the HS code, there were six categories and 21 chapters of non 一 permitted entry products, and the main non 一 permitted entry foods were HS03, 21, 19 and 22 products, more than 60% of the total unqualified. According to the analysis of the causes of nonconformity, there were 15 kinds, and the top 6 nonconformity causes accounted for 86% of the total nonconformity batches. There was a total of 268 types of unqualified items related to quality and safety, totaling 3 469 items. Conclusion The overall number of batches of unauthorized imported food during the period of 2019 一 2022 is a rising and then falling trend, and the unauthorized imported food is more concentrated in the countries of origin, manufacturers, categories of unauthorized food, reasons for failure, and quality 一 related unqualified items. The multi 一 dimensional comparative analysis provides data reference for regulators and consumers and helps the government to improve the regulation of imported food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between Internet use and cognitive function in the elderly. Methods Based on the data of China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) in 2020, the IADL scale and the mobile center self 一 rating depression scale were used to measure the disability status and depression status of the elderly. Two 一 column correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation. This paper constructed a multiple mediating effect model to study the mediating path of the impact of Internet use on the cognitive function of the elderly. Results After controlling for age, gender, marital status, and intergenerational support, the regression results showed that the use of the network had a significant direct impact on the cognitive function of the elderly (仔 =0. 688, £ 二 7. 36, P < 0. 001), and depression and disability significantly affected the cognitive function of the elderly (/3 = - 0. 018,/二 - 2. 696, P <0. 05;/3 = - 0. 114, t - - 4. 83, P < 0. 001). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that the simple mediating effects of depression and disability between Internet use and cognitive function of the elderly were 0. 044 (95% C/: 0. 011 3 - 0. 083 4) and 0. 040 (95% CIz 0. 015 8 - 0. 064 2), respectively, and the chain mediating effect was 0. 006 (95% C/：0. 000 4-0. 013 2). Conclusion Depression and disability status have a mediating effect between whether or not to use the network and the cognitive function of the elderly, and depression and disability have a chain mediating effect in whether or not to use the network to affect the cognitive function of the elderly. With the popularization of the Internet, we should promote the use of the Internet in the elderly, and pay attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly, so as to protect the cognitive function of the elderly and delay or prevent the occurrence of cognitive impairment in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self 一 management of patients with multiple chronic conditions has more complex characteristics and needs than those of single chronic diseases and plays a central role in healthy disease regression. This paper focuses on the characteristics, current status, barriers and challenges of self 一 management in patients with multiple chronic conditions, and suggests that self 一 management of multiple chronic conditions should be viewed from a dynamic and developmental perspective. When providing self - management support to patients, it should be based on their complex self 一 management needs, identifying specific barriers to the self - management process, establishing self 一 management links between multiple chronic conditions, and developing personalised self - management support content and methods based on patients' preferences, goals, and available resources, to improve their self 一 management abilities and health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further improve the ability of medical institutions to deal with mass and epidemic diseases, clinical workers need to have strong awareness of disease early screening and prevention and control, as well as the ability of monitoring, early warning, and emergency management. The underlying issue is the need to constantly strengthen clinical medical students' knowledge reserve and practical ability of preventive medicine. Especially in the process of medical education, how to strengthen clinical medical students' ability to master the basic knowledge and skills of preventive medicine, to be familiar with the management of mass and major epidemic diseases, and to establish the concept of prevention and treatment of acute and chronic diseases are urgent problems to be solved. This paper discussed in-depth the problems and measures related to the cultivation of disease prevention and control mindset and practical ability of clinical medical talents, so as to provide an important reference for improving the training mode of comprehensive clinical medical talents and the formulation of related policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate education is located at the top of national education, enrollment is the beginning of the top, which has always been the high ground for universities to compete for high 一 quality students. Recommended exemption students have absolute autonomy to choose, and universities may not hinder or restrict them for any reason or in any way. They can usually get the olive branch of multiple schools at the same time, and eventually choose the best, and go to the most desired school hall, but this will inevitably cause a lot of waste of the university s indicators. In addition to the limitations of discipline strength, geographical location, economic development and other problems, the number and quality of public health and preventive medicine postgraduate enrollment in western China are even less dominant. By reviewing the development context of graduate recommendation exemption system, this paper clarifies the current situation of the public health and preventive medicine promotion and exemption enrollment in western China, and formulates a series of effective recommended enrollment measures such as expanding publicity channels, improving the ratio of reexamination, and optimizing the selection process, so as to provide references for all enrollment units to improve the quantity and quality of the promotion and exemption enrollment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and medical therapy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis in Chinese patients over 70 years old. Methods Based on the data of different out- comes of asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients who were followed up by CEA and drug therapy for 10 years, a Markov mod- el was established to simulate the cost-effectiveness of the two treatments for 10 years. The outcome index was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was the ratio of increased cost to increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and the thresholds of ICER and willingness to pay (WTP) were compared. In this paper, scenario analysis was carried out, and uncertainty test was carried out by single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis. Results In the basic case analysis, the patients who received CEA could get 7.53 QALYs, the corresponding cost was 67 079.61 yuan and 31 982.38 yuan, and the ICER was 129 435.97 yuan / QALY, which was lower than the threshold of WTP. In scenario analysis, the ICER was 127 946.82 yuan / QALY and 240 283.17 yuan/ QALY, respectively. The annual mortality of patients after CEA, the operation cost of CEA, and the perioperative mortality after CEA had great influence on the fluctuation of ICER. Conclusion According to the economic evaluation recommendation of WHO, the increased cost of CEA compared with drug therapy is acceptable for Chinese patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis over 70 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the structure of health-related behavior (HRB) and its relationship with lifestyle from the perspective of system science. Methods Based on the complex system research method put forward by Qian Xue-sen, the theoretical research methods such as typical analysis, comparative analysis, essential analysis, and inductive deduction were comprehensively applied to analyze the systematic structure and dynamic structure of HRB and its relationship with lifestyle. Results Based on the systematic understanding of HRB, it is proposed that individual behavior is a "systematic three-level structure" composed of first-level behavior/specific behavior, second-level behavior/combination behavior, and three-level behavior/series behavior. Based on the dynamic understanding of HRB, it is proposed that accidental behavior, low-frequency behavior, and habitual behavior constitute the "dynamic three-level structure" of behavior development and change. Based on the systematic and dynamic structure of HRB, this paper puts forward that lifestyle is an individual or family behavior pattern in which the systematic structure and dynamic structure are relatively stable, and its health degree depends on the proportion and frequency of healthy behavior. It also puts forward the strategies to improve the health degree of lifestyle by adjusting the structure of individual behavior system and affecting its dynamic structure. Conclusion This study puts forward the relationship between HRB structure and lifestyle from the perspective of system science, which provides insights for explaining and intervening lifestyle, theoretical support for health promotion policies, and theoretical hypotheses for further study of the occurrence, development and evolution mechanism of complex behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the surface landscape characteristics, evolution patterns and epidemiological significance of the Himalayan dry otter plague natural epidemic sites under the dual influence of natural environment and major projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Methods Based on the continuous land use, NDVI and other geographic environmental data of the natural source of Himalayan dry otter plague along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in Sichuan from 2010 to 2021, paper quantitatively analyzed the changes in the geographic pattern of the natural source of plague and its association with the Himalayan dry otter population with the help of land use shift matrix, NDVI trend analysis and landscape index. Results During 2010-2020, the dominant vegetation type is grassland, the transfer between various types of land is gentle, the overall vegetation cover rises gently by 24.78%, the area of vegetation improvement zone accounts for 75.84%, the aggregation of various types of grassland strengthens, the differentiation of land classes intensifies, and the density of Himalayan dry otter decreases. After 2020, the transfer of land is relatively intensified, mainly the conversion between forest land and grassland, the scattered expansion of various types of grassland, and the density of Himalayan dry otter decreases. The boundary between classes gradually weakens, and the density of Himalayan dry otter increases. Conclusion Dual natural and anthropogenic disturbances will intensify changes in the landscape pattern of the natural source of Himalayan dry otter plague along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, destroy the overall stability of the ecosystem of the natural source of plague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation on the disinfection of Candida albicans and Bacillus poilus spores on different carriers and to explore the application value of electron beam irradiation in the field of disinfection. Methods Candida albicans and Bacillus pummelos spores were used as indicator microorganisms to make infection carriers on different material carriers, and the killing logarithm was calculated by electron beam irradiation of 2 to 6kGy process dose. The minimum process dose of all kinds of infection carriers with killing logarithm 3 3.00 was selected for simulated field experiment, and the disinfection efficacy was evaluated. Results The average killing logarithm value of Candida albicans on polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, glass sheet, and stainless-steel sheet and Bacillus pummelos spores on cloth and stainless-steel strip was 3 3.00 when the electron beam irradiation dose was M 4kGy, and 3 3.00 on Kraft paper carrier when the process dose was 3 5kGy. In the simulated field test, when the dose of electron beam irradiation reached 5.12 to 5.54kGy, the average killing logarithm values of Candida albicans on four carriers and Bacillus pummelos spores on five carriers were all 3 3.00. Conclusion When the dose of electron beam irradiation reaches 3 5kGy, it has a good disinfection effect on fungi and radiation indicator microorganisms on different carriers. Electron beam irradiation penetrating disinfection should comprehensively consider the difference of content specification and density and select the appropriate irradiation dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the Synergistics principle and developmental dynamic mechanism of health-related behaviors. Methods By comprehensively applying the theoretical research methods such as canonical analysis and comparative analysis, taking the echinococcosis control behavior and the "Shiqu modeln in the Tibetan area of northwest Sichuan as an example, the principle of Synergistics was used to explore the dynamic mechanism of health -related behavior development. Results The development of health-related behavior accords with the principle of Synergistics, Psychological cognition, inter-personal-group environment, and crowd-social environment are the three subsystems of the behavior system, in which multiple variables/elements constantly compete to play a dominant role in behavior. Meanwhile, in the continuous coordination, a number of slow variables including cognitive attitude, motivation composition, self-efficacy; social network, group public opinion; policy support, environmental support, pilot/demonstration areas, health promotion actions) and order parameters (individual behavior belief, behavior social network-group public opinion, behavior social opinion) are formed. These slow variables / order parameters in turn dominate the development and change of behavior at the individual, interpersonal, and crowd levels. This paper puts fonvard the ideas and strategies of obtaining and analyzing slow variables and order parameters at different levels to qualitatively diagnose behavior development and implement behavior inteiTention. The scientific and rational nature of the theory are preliminarily tested through the changes in the prevention behavior of hydatid diseases such as dog tethering in the population and the formation of the "Shiqu modeF\ Conclusion This study proposes a synergetic dynamic mechanism for the development of health-related behaviors and develops a behavioral diagnosis and intervention strategy, which provides insight to explain and intervene in complex behaviors as well as theoretical support for the "Shiqu model" and the policy of taking multiple measures simultaneously to prevent and treat diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease caused by echinococcosis in humans and animals, which often causes space-occupying lesions in important organs such as liver and lung. The disease is widely distributed around the world, causing an annual disease burden of about 871 000 disability-adjusted life years and more than 3 billion dollars of e-conomic losses, China is one of the countries with the most severe prevalence of echinococcosis, and Tibet has the highest prevalence. At present, there are few reviews on the epidemic characteristics of echinococcosis in China, and the related literature is obsolete. To fill the gap, this paper systematically reviews the frontier progress in the field of echinococcosis epidemiological research at home and abroad in recent years. The epidemic situation, distribution, and spatial distribution characteristics of echinococcosis are reviewed from three levels: global，China, and Tibet, to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of echinococcosis in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the role of dietary factors in chronic diseases has received extensive attention. As a tool to evaluate dietary quality, dietary assessment index has become an important index to evaluate the nutritional status of the population, it can also be used to explore the relationship between diet and chronic diseases. The Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) can be used to evaluate the dietary quality of groups and individuals by taking Chinese dietary guidelines and Food Guide Pagoda as reference and combining the dietary characteristics of Chinese residents, it can also be used to study the association with chronic diseases. This paper reviews the establishment, development, and application of DBI, and the similarities and differences between DBI and other Chinese dietary indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To eprantitativedy evaluate the regulator)- policy texts of drug online sales in China, and to provide reference for the formulation and optimization of subsequent related policies. Methods Using the method of text mining, the ROSTCM software was used to process the texts of 19 regulatory policies on drug online sales promulgated in China from 1999 to 2022, and the; PMC index model was constructed. The perliey evaluation index system of 10 first - level variables and 36 second - level variables was set up to epiantitaiivedy evaluate; the regulatory perlierics on online drug sales in China. Results The average; PMC inele;x erf 19 drug network sales supervision perile:-ie;s was 6. 79, whie;h was gooel. Among the;m, 6 we;re; rated as e;xccllcnt polieics (Pl, P2, P3, P5, P7, P8), 13 were; good policies (P4, P6, P9, P10, Pll, Pl 2, Pl 3, P14, Pl 5, Pl 6, Pl 7, Pl 8, P19), anel there; we;re; no perfect anel unepialifie;el perlicics. Conclusion China's drug ne;twork sales supervision poliey is basie;ally perfect. This paper mainly analyzes anel puts forwarel relevant suggestions from four aspects; poliey timeliness, perliey object, perliey perspective, anel poliey content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allostatic load (AL) is a comprehensive index reflecting the cumulative wear status of multiple physiological systems, which can significantly predict the physical and mental healtli of individuals. The evaluation of AL includes quantitative and qualitative methods, with quantitative approaches being more commonly utilized. However, there exists considerable heterogeneity in the selection and calculation methods of biomarkers when determining the allostatic load index (ALI). Some AL studies do not contain biomarkers of neuroendocrine system, which is not consistent with its original conceptual framework. Currently, numerous ALI calculation methods are employed, with the high-risk quartile method being the most prevalent, yet this restricts the comparability of cross-sample research outcomes. Each calculation method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the selection of bio markers and ALI calculation methods in the evaluation of AL and its influence on the research results. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the selection of biomarkers and index calculation methods in future AL research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]