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Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the main constituents isolated from Panax ginseng, and exhibits cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on human multiple myeloma cells, and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The cells were exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at various concentrations (0-80 µM) for 48 h. A subsequent cell proliferation assay demonstrated that treatment with ginsenoside Rg3 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of U266 and RPMI8226 cells. Furthermore, exposure to ginsenoside Rg3 led to a marked increase in the rate of apoptosis in the U266 cells, coupled with increased caspase-3 activity. The ginsenoside Rg3-treated cells also exhibited an elevation in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), a pro-apoptotic protein. Notably, knockdown of Bax protected the U266 cells from Rg3-induced apoptosis. Overall, these findings suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells, at least partially, through upregulation of the expression of Bax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products are a great source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. The present study was conducted to investigate whether cucurbitacin B (CuB), one of the most potent and widely used cucurbitacins, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Furthermore, CuB induced apoptosis of A549 cells in a concentration- dependent manner, as determined by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The present study also demonstrated that CuB dose-dependently inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, with cell cycle inhibition and cyclin B1 downregulation. Apoptosis induced by CuB was shown to be associated with cytochrome c release, B-cell lymphoma 2 downregulation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway inhibition. CuB may prove to be a useful approach for the chemotherapy of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]