1. Diet supplementation with donkey milk upregulates liver mitochondrial uncoupling, reduces energy efficiency and improves antioxidant and antiinflammatory defences in rats
- Author
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Rosalba Putti, Chiara De Filippo, Rossella Di Palo, Giorgio Gifuni, Giovanna Trinchese, Marcello Gaita, Gina Cavaliere, Lillà Lionetti, Paolo Bergamo, A. Barletta, Angelica Pignalosa, Maria Pina Mollica, Immacolata Donizzetti, Lionetti, Lilla', Cavaliere, Gina, Bergamo, P, Trinchese, Giovanna, De Filippo, C, Gifuni, G, Gaita, M, Pignalosa, A, Donizzetti, I, Putti, Rosalba, DI PALO, Rossella, Barletta, Antonio, and Mollica, MARIA PINA
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,Donkey milk / Energy expenditure / Inflammatory parameters / Mitochondrial efficiency / Redox status ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Energy balance ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Biology ,Antioxidants ,Ion Channels ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Internal medicine ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,medicine ,Transferase ,Animals ,Uncoupling Protein 2 ,Carnitine ,Glutathione Transferase ,Omega-3 ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Inflammatory parameters ,Fatty Acids ,Lipid metabolism ,Equidae ,Mitochondrial efficiency ,Lipid Metabolism ,Donkey milk ,Diet ,Mitochondria ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,Endocrinology ,Milk ,Redox status ,chemistry ,Liver ,Dietary Supplements ,Energy expenditure ,Energy Metabolism ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Dietary PUFA, mainly those of the n-3 family, are known to play essential roles in the maintenance of energy balance and in the reduction of body fat deposition through the up regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling that is the main source of reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that rat supplementation with raw donkey's milk (DM), characterized by low-fat content and higher n3:n6 ratio, may affect energy balance, lipid metabolism, and pro oxidant status as compared to animals treated with cow's milk. In the present study, the effects of drinking raw DM (for 4 weeks) on energy balance, lipid metabolism, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant/ detoxifying defences was compared to that produced by rat intake of an iso-energetic amount of raw cow's milk. The hypolipidemic effect produced by DM paralleled with the enhanced mitochondrial activity/proton leakage and with the increased activity or expression of mitochondrial markers namely, carnitine palmitoyl transferase and uncoupling protein 2. The association of decreased energy efficiency with reduced proinflammatory signs (TNF- and LPS levels) with the significant increase antioxidant (total thiols) and detoxifying enzyme activities (glutathione-S-transferase NADH quinone oxidoreductase) in DM-treated animals, indicated that beneficial effects were attributable, at least in part, to the activation of nuclear factor 2 erythroid-related factor 2 pathway.
- Published
- 2012