1. Discovery and Characterization of Novel GPR39 Agonists Allosterically Modulated by Zinc.
- Author
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Sato S, Huang XP, Kroeze WK, and Roth BL
- Subjects
- Allosteric Regulation drug effects, Cell Line, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 metabolism, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs metabolism, Histidine genetics, Humans, Hydrolysis, Mutation genetics, Phosphatidylinositols metabolism, Pyrimidines pharmacology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled chemistry, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Sulfonamides pharmacology, beta-Arrestins metabolism, Drug Discovery, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled agonists, Zinc pharmacology
- Abstract
In this study, we identified two previously described kinase inhibitors-3-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-N-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-8-(morpholinomethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-amine (LY2784544) and 1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid, 2-methyl-1-[[2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-6-(4-morpholinyl)- (GSK2636771)-as novel GPR39 agonists by unbiased small-molecule-based screening using a β-arrestin recruitment screening approach (PRESTO-Tango). We characterized the signaling of LY2784544 and GSK2636771 and compared their signaling patterns with a previously described "GPR39-selective" agonist N-[3-chloro-4-[[[2-(methylamino)-6-(2-pyridinyl)-4- pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide (GPR39-C3) at both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. Unexpectedly, all three compounds displayed probe-dependent and pathway-dependent allosteric modulation by concentrations of zinc reported to be physiologic. LY2784544 and GS2636771 at GPR39 in the presence of zinc were generally as potent or more potent than their reported activities against kinases in whole-cell assays. These findings reveal an unexpected role of zinc as an allosteric potentiator of small-molecule-induced activation of GPR39 and expand the list of potential kinase off-targets to include understudied G protein-coupled receptors., (Copyright © 2016 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)
- Published
- 2016
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