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FXIa is suggested as a major target for anticoagulant drug discovery because of reduced risk of bleeding. In this paper, we defined 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as privileged fragments for FXIa inhibitors&rsquo, lead discovery. After replacing the (E)-3-(5-chloro-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylamide moiety in compound 3 with 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, we traveled from FXIa inhibitor 3 to a scaffold that fused the privileged fragments into a pharmacophore for FXIa inhibitors. Subsequently, we synthesized and assessed the FXIa inhibitory potency of a series of 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives with different P1, P1&prime, and P2&prime, moiety. Finally, the SAR of them was systematically investigated to afford the lead compound 7za (FXIa Ki = 90.37 nM, 1.5&times, aPTT in rabbit plasma = 43.33 &mu, M) which exhibited good in vitro inhibitory potency against FXIa and excellent in vitro coagulation activities. Furthermore, the binding mode of 7za with FXIa was studied and the results suggest that the 2-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide group of 7za makes 2 direct hydrogen bonds with Tyr58B and Thr35 in the FXIa backbone, making 7za binds to FXIa in a highly efficient manner.

The thienopyridines class of drugs used as P2Y12 receptor antagonists plays a vital role in antiplatelet therapy. To further optimized this compound class, we designed and synthesized a series of amino acid prodrugs of 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine. All compounds were then evaluated for their inhibitory effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats and then ED50 and bleeding time of the most potent compounds were compared with commercial drugs. The results showed compound 5c could be a potent and safe candidate for further research.

Factor Xa (FXa) plays a significant role in the blood coagulation cascade and it has become a promising target for anticoagulation drugs. Three oral direct FXa inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for treating thrombotic diseases. By structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis upon these FXa inhibitors, a series of novel anthranilamide-based FXa inhibitors were designed and synthesized. According to our study, compounds 1a, 1g and 1s displayed evident FXa inhibitory activity and excellent selectivity over thrombin in in vitro inhibition activities studies. Compounds 1g and 1s also exhibited pronounced anticoagulant activities in in vitro anticoagulant activity studies.