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Ground-based and space-borne observatories studying exoplanetary transits now and in the future will considerably increase the number of known exoplanets and the precision of the measured times of transit minima. Variations in the transit times can not only be used to infer the presence of additional planets, but might also provide opportunities for testing new physics in the places beyond the Solar system. In this work, we take deviation from the inverse-square law of gravity as an example, focus on the fifth-force-like Yukawa-type correction to the Newtonian gravitational force which parameterizes this deviation, investigate its effects on the secular transit timing variations and analyse their observability in exoplanetary systems. It is found that the most optimistic values of Yukawa-type secular transit timing variations are at the level of ∼0.1 s per year. Those values unfortunately appear only in rarely unique cases and, most importantly, they are still at least two orders of magnitude below the current capabilities of observations. Such a deviation from the inverse-square law of gravity is likely too small to detect for the foreseeable future. Meanwhile, systematic uncertainties, such as the presence of additional and unknown planets, will likely be exceptionally difficult to remove from a signal that should be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yukawa correction to the Newtonian gravitational force is accepted as a parametrization of deviations from the inverse-square law of gravity which might be caused by new physics beyond the standard model of particles and the general theory of relativity. We investigate these effects on the clock onboard a drag-free satellite: dynamics of the satellite and influence on the time transfer link. We find that the Yukawa signal in the time transfer is much more difficult to detect with the current state of clocks than those effects on the dynamics, especially the secular change of periastron, by laser ranging in the case of an artificial Earth satellite carrying a frequency standard with an orbit of a = 107 m and e = 0.01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]