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Five species collected in the Nansei Islands are discussed. Of these, one species found on Gardenia jasminoidesis described as a new species, Cercosporidium okinawaenseKobayashi et Nishijima. Asperisporium caricaeon Carica papaya, Pseudocercospora melastomobiaon Melastoma candidum, and P. neoliquidambarisNakashima et Kobayashi, nom. nov. on Liquidambar formosanaare newly added to the Japanese mycoflora. Cercospora violamaculanson Rhaphiolepis umbellatais transferred to the genus Pseudocercosporaas Pseudocercospora violamaculans(Fukui) Kobayashi et Nakashima, comb. nov., with some additional notes.

In the fourth report of the present series, five species of the genus Cercosporaand allied genera were added to the Japanese fungus flora: Cercospora brunkiiEllis et Galloway, C. richardiaecolaAtkinson, Pseudocercospora annonicolaHsieh et Goh, P. xenosyzygiicolaCrous, and P. celosiarum(Kar et Mandal) Deighton. Three species names recorded in the early report were revised based on their nomenclature.

In the third report of the present series, five species of Cercosporasensu lato described by Japanese mycologists were transferred to the genus Pseudocercosporaafter detailed reexamination. They are Pseudocercospora photiniae, P. phrymae, P. stephanandrae, P. vacciniand P. kirishimensis. Pseudocercospora photiniaewas retained as an independent species, not regarded as a synonym of P. eriobotryae.

In this second report of the present series, six species ofCercosporadescribed in Japan were transferred to the genusPseudocercosporaafter detailed reexamination. They arePseudocercospora abeliae, P. chionanthi-retusi, P. corylopsidis, P. ehretiae, P. naitoiandP. paulowniae.

In this second report of the present series, six species of Cercosporadescribed in Japan were transferred to the genus Pseudocercosporaafter detailed reexamination. They are Pseudocercospora abeliae, P. chionanthi-retusi, P. coryiopsidis, P. ehretiae, P. naitoiand P. paulowniae.

This study has clarified the conidiomatal development of Pestalotiopsis guepiniiand P. neglectaon leaves of Gardenia jasminoides.Acervuli of P. guepiniiand P. neglectadeveloped in a similar manner, in two stages. In the first stage, cells aggregated, the central cells of the aggregate gradually disappeared, and the cells of inner layer produced numerous conidia. This conidioma was pycnidium-like in appearance, and in some cases ceased development at this stage. In the second stage, the upper layer of the pycnidium-like structure broke open, forming an acervular conidioma.

In the first report of the present series, six species collected from Nansei Islands were discussed. Of these, one found on Elaeocarpusjaponicawas described as a new species, Pseudocercospora elaeocarpicola. Pseudocercospora plumeriaeon Plumeria rubrawas transferred from the genus Cercosporaand added to the Japanese fungous flora, together with Cercosporidium bougainvilleaeon Bougainvillea spectabilis.One of the three remaining species, Pseudcercospora punicaeon Punica granatumwas newly recorded from Nansei Islands. On the other two species, namely P. circumscissaand P. fukuokaensis, some additional notes concerning distribution and host range were described.

The development of conidiomatal structures is divided into three stages: primordia, cavity formation, and conidiogenesis. These ontogenetic features of conidiomata indicate diversity. This study clearly shows the difference in pyCnidial development between Phyllosticta haraiand a species of Sphaeropsis.In P. harai, a cavity is formed at the center of the pycnidium following the meristogenous or symphogenous primordium formation. This process is characterized by autolysis of cells at the pycnidium center. The pycnidial primordium of Sphaeropsissp. is meristoganous. It can be assumed that the cavity is formed by dispersion and spacing of original hypha, with subsequent hypha filling the spaces between hyphal cells. The cavity enlarges gradually due to the mechanical force caused by successive conidium production and increasing conidial size.

Three Cylindrosporellaspecies on the leaves of betulaceous trees – C. carpini, C. coryli, and C. microsperma– were first reported from Japan. The genus Cylindrosporellais sometimes treated as congeneric with Asteroma; however, we considered these to differ based on conidial morphology following the concept of Arx. The genus Cylindrosporellais characterized by one-celled, filiform or fusiform, small conidia that are often curved, have hyaline, thin walls, and are produced from phialidic conidiogenous cells in subcuticular, flat acervuli. The three species are distinguished from each other on the basis of conidium size.

In the third report of the present series, five species ofCercosporasensu lato described by Japanese mycologists were transferred to the genusPseudocercosporaafter detailed reexamination. They arePseudocercospora photiniae, P. phrymae, P. stephanandrae, P. vacciniandP. kirishimensis. Pseudocercospora photiniaewas retained as an independent species, not regarded as a synonym ofP. eriobotryae.

This study has clarified the conidiomatal development ofPestalotiopsis guepiniiandP. neglectaon leaves ofGardenia jasminoides. Acervuli ofP. guepiniiandP. neglectadeveloped in a similar manner, in two stages. In the first stage, cells aggregated, the central cell of the aggregates gradually disappeared, and the cells of inner layer produced numerous conidia. This conidioma was pycnidium-like in appearance, and in some cases ceased development at this stage. In the second stage, the upper layer of the pycnidium-like structure broke open, forming an acervular conidioma.

In the first report of the present series, six species collected from Nansei Islands were discussed. Of these, one found onElaeocarpus japonicawas described as a new species,Pseudocercospora elaeocarpicola. Pseudocercospora plumeriaeonPlumeria rubrawas transferred from the genusCercosporaand added to the Japanese fungous flora, together withCercosporidium bougainvilleaeonBougainvillea spectabilis. One of the three remaining species,Pseudcercospora punicaeonPunica granatumwas newly recorded from Nansei Islands. On the other two species, namelyP. circumscissaandP. fukuokaensis, some additional notes concerning distribution and host range were described.