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The purpose of this paper was to detect and separate the cluster intensity provided by Iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs), in the MRI images, to investigate the drug delivery effectiveness. IO-NPs were attached to the macrophages and inserted into the eye of the inflamed mouse's calf. The low resolution of MRI and the tiny dimension of the IO-NPs made the situation challenging. IO-NPs serve as a marker, due to their strong intensity in the MRI, enabling us to follow the track of the macrophages. An image processing procedure was developed to estimate the position and the amount of IO-NPs spreading inside the inflamed mouse leg. A fuzzy Clustering algorithm was adopted to select the region of interest (ROI). A 3D model of the femoral region was used for the detection and then the extraction IO-NPs in the MRI images. The results achieved prove the effectiveness of the proposed method to improve the control process of targeted drug delivered. It helps in optimizing the treatment and opens a promising novel research axis for nanomedicine applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the major health issues with increasing incidence worldwide. In spite of the existing conventional cancer treatment techniques, the cases of cancer diagnosis and death rates are rising year by year. Thus, new approaches are required to advance the traditional ways of cancer therapy. Currently, nanomedicine, employing nanoparticles and nanocomposites, offers great promise and new opportunities to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment in combination with thermal therapy. Nanomaterials can generate and specifically enhance the heating capacity at the tumor region due to optical and magnetic properties. The mentioned unique properties of nanomaterials allow inducing the heat and destroying the cancerous cells. This paper provides an overview of the utilization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials such as magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoshells, nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, and other nanoparticles in the thermal ablation of tumors, demonstrating their advantages over the conventional heating methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review tries to summarize the purpose of steadily developing surface-functionalized nanoparticles for various bio-applications and represents a fascinating and rapidly growing field of research. Due to their unique properties—such as novel optical, biodegradable, low-toxicity, biocompatibility, size, and highly catalytic features—these materials are considered superior, and it is thus vital to study these systems in a realistic and meaningful way. However, rapid aggregation, oxidation, and other problems are encountered with functionalized nanoparticles, inhibiting their subsequent utilization. Adequate surface modification of nanoparticles with organic and inorganic compounds results in improved physicochemical properties which can overcome these barriers. This review investigates and discusses the iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and silica-coated nanoparticles and how their unique properties after fabrication allow for their potential use in a wide range of bio-applications such as nano-based imaging, gene delivery, drug loading, and immunoassays. The different groups of nanoparticles and the advantages of surface functionalization and their applications are highlighted here. In recent years, surface-functionalized nanoparticles have become important materials for a broad range of bio-applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]