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The significant disability and fatality rate of diabetes chronic wounds necessitates the development of efficient diabetic wound healing techniques. The present oxygen treatments for wound healing is restricted by issues such as poor penetration, inadequate supply, and absorption difficulties as well as tanglesome diabetic wound microenvironment issues such as hyperglycemia, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hypoxia. Herein, we designed a multifunctional glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) nanoenzyme-chitosan (GCNC) hydrogel complex to improve the microenvironment of diabetic wounds and provide continuous oxygen delivery for efficient wound healing. By simultaneously forming the GOx-CAT nanoenzyme (GCNE) composite, the GCNC hydrogel complex could effectively reduce glucose and ROS (H

Efficient drug delivery, multifunctional combined therapy and real-time diagnosis are the main hallmarks in the exploitation of precision nanomedicine. Herein, an anthracene-functionalized micelle containing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the photosensitizer IR780 is designed to achieve sustained drug release and enhanced photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The polymer-coated hybrid micelle was achieved by crosslinking anthracene-dimer with UV light (λ > 300 nm), which is converted from near-infrared (NIR) irradiation upon UCNPs. Besides, the water-insoluble photosensitizer IR780 is introduced into the system to achieve efficient drug delivery and photothermal and photodynamic synergistic therapy. As a consequence of NIR-induced anthracene-dimer formation, the cross-linked nanocomposite shows sustained drug release, and the enhanced retention effect of IR780 could increase the photothermal conversion efficiency. Importantly, the incorporation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidineoxyl (TEMPO) as a nitroxide MRI contrast agent presents the potential for real-time diagnosis via nanotheranostics, and the fluorescence imaging of IR780 is applied to monitor drug distribution and metabolism. This strategy of sustained drug delivery by anthracene-dimer formation through the better penetration depth of NIR-II fluorescence provides an executable platform to achieve enhanced phototherapy in biomedical applications.

Mitochondria, as the energy factory of cells, often maintain a high redox state, and play an important role in cell growth, development and apoptosis. Therefore, the destruction of mitochondrial redox homeostasis has now become an important direction for cancer treatment. Here, we design a mitochondrial targeting composite enzyme nanogel bioreactor with a circulating supply of O2 and H2O2, which is composed of mitochondrial target triphenylphosphine (TPP), natural enzymes glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT), and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The nanogel can effectively increase the stability of the natural enzymes, and its size of about 65 nm makes them close in space, which greatly improves their cascade catalytic efficiency and safety. Under the action of target TPP, the system can accurately target the mitochondria of breast cancer 4T1 cells, catalyze intracellular glucose to generate H2O2 through GOX, and H2O2 is further used as a catalytic substrate for CAT to generate O2. This O2 can not only further improve the catalytic efficiency of GOX, but also provide raw materials for the production of ROS in PDT, which can effectively destroy the mitochondria of cancer cells, thereby causing tumor cell apoptosis. Compared with GOX alone, thanks to the close spatial position of the composite enzymes, the composite enzyme nanogel can quickly consume the highly oxidative H2O2 produced by GOX, thereby showing better safety to normal cells. In addition, the composite enzyme group under light showed excellent antitumor effects by combining starvation therapy and PDT under adequate oxygen supply in animal experiments. In general, this composite enzyme nanogel system with good stability, high safety and excellent cascade catalytic efficiency opens a new way for the development of safe and efficient cancer therapeutics.

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) juice rich in vitamin C and polyphenolic antioxidants was used to synthesize branched gold nanoflowers. These biocompatible and stable gold nanoflowers show strong near-infrared absorption. They are successfully demonstrated to be highly efficient for both in vitro and in vivo photothermal therapy by using an 808 nm laser.

A tumor active targeting β-cyclodextrin based nanocarrier β-NC-OEI-SS-FA was designed by the modification of star shaped cationic derivatives β-NC-OEI with folic acid through a disulfide bond, to co-deliver chemotherapeutic paclitaxel and the Nur77 gene for overcoming Bcl-2 mediated non-pump resistance by an “enemy to friend” strategy for potential drug resistant cancer therapy.