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The present investigation aimed to identify the effects of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Linn. and Rhinacanthus nasutus Kurz. on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants on isoniazid and rifampicin induced Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into nine groups of 6 rats each and housed in individually ventilated cages for further experimental procedure. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transfersase (GST), lipid peroxides (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) and carbohydrate metabolism parameters of glucose, glycogen, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase and hexokinase are estimated at the end of the study. The present study results highlighted that the leaves extract of A. paniculata and R. nasutus have an antioxidant effect and anti-diabetic activity against the toxin treated rats.

Activities of anthropological organisms lead to the production of massive lignocellulosic waste every year and these lignocellulolytic enzymes plays crucial role in developing eco-friendly, sustainable and economical methods for decomposing and pre-treating the biomass to produce biofuels, organic acids, feeds and enzymes. Lignocellulolytic enzymes sustainably hydrolyse the biomass and can be utilized in wide range of applications such as personal care, pharmaceutical, biofuel release, sewage treatment, food and beverage industries. Every year a significant ton of biomass waste is released and insight on these crucial enzymes could establish in all the industries. However, due to the increased demand for compost materials, biomass degradation has resulted in composting processes. Several methods for improving compost amount and quality have been explored, including increasing decomposer inoculums, stimulating microbial activity, and establishing a decomposable environment. All of these prerequisites are met by biotechnological applications. Biotechnological procedures are used to improve the activity of enzymes on biomass. It leads to an adequate supply of compost and base materials for enterprises. In terms of effectiveness and stability during the breakdown process, lignocellulolytic enzymes derived from genetically modified species outperformed naturally derived lignocellulolytic enzymes. It has the potential to increase the quality and output of by-products. This review discussed the development of lignocellulolytic enzyme families and their widespread applications in a variety of industries such as olive oil extraction, carotenoid extraction, waste management, pollution control, second-generation bio-ethanol production, textile and dyeing, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, animal feed, food processing industries, detergent, and agricultural industries.

The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly worldwide, freezes all sectors, and was declared a life-threatening disease by the World Health Organization on Jan 30, 2020. So far, no specific drugs are identified or approved for treating SARS-CoV-2. In the past few years, nanomaterials are in the limelight for their ability to deliver the drugs effectively and selectively to target like siRNA, the prime infection sites, and benefiting us to visualize the particular regions, treatment reactions via non-intruding imaging techniques. As intranasal delivery interacts directly to the infection site with minimal side effects on the healthy cell, we postulate to administer a mixture of few polyherbal formulations like the golden spice curcumin, sitopaladi churna (SPC), and kaempferol in zein-chitosan nanoparticles as a life-saving measure for treating Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. This viewpoint will shed light on the antiviral role of curcumin, SPC, and kaempferol zein-chitosan nanoparticle to modulate immune responses and observe its curative approach to the current pandemic COVID.