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Presents an analysis of a continuous sediment record from Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia which revealed a continuous interglacial diatom assemblage, a stable littoral benthic diatom assemblage and lithogenic sediments with interglacial characteristics. Cause of the insolation gradients contributing to global glacial inceptions and terminations; Analysis of the mid-Pleistocene sedimentary record at the pelagic BDP-96drill site; Examination of the rock-magnetic signature.

The article presents an insight into the ecology of extinctions as a result of the ice-age. The extinction of a wide variety of large mammals are thought to have been the result of the ice-age. Mammals such as the woolly mammoths have been searched for after its survival on Wrangel Island in the northeastern Siberian Arctic. The Irish Elk is another species whose investigation for extinction is still on through a number of techniques as the radiocarbon dating method. Theories for both the expansion and the extinction of Irish elk populations, for instance, often focus on the animals' huge antlers.