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1. The future of DNA sequencing

Author

Maynard V. Olson, Edward M. Rubin, and Eric D. Green

Subjects
Forensic Genetics, 0301 basic medicine, Sequence analysis, Genetics, Medical, MEDLINE, Genomics, Computational biology, Wastewater, Biology, Bioinformatics, Genome, DNA sequencing, Epigenesis, Genetic, Bacterial genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Neoplasms, Animals, Humans, Genetic Testing, Child, Epigenesis, Family Health, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Body Fluids, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Metagenomics, Personalized medicine, Down Syndrome, business, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

Eric D. Green, Edward M. Rubin and Maynard V. Olson speculate on the next forty years of the applications, from policing to data storage.

Published
2017
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2. Mapping and sequencing of structural variation from eight human genomes

Author

Joshua D. Smith, Kevin McKernan, Can Alkan, Michael O. Dorschner, Laurakay Bruhn, William F. Donahue, Maynard V. Olson, Eray Tüzün, Nancy F. Hansen, James C. Mullikin, Evan E. Eichler, Tera L. Newman, Lin Chen, Gregory M. Cooper, Joshua M. Korn, Steven A. McCarroll, Eric Haugen, Heather Ebling, N. Alice Yamada, John A. Stamatoyannopoulos, Richard K. Wilson, Ze Cheng, Adrianne Brand, Tina Graves, Nick Sampas, David Altshuler, Nadeem Tusneem, Maika Malig, Peter Tsang, Hillary S. Hayden, Douglas R. Smith, Robert David, Daniel A. Peiffer, Molly Weaver, Wei Tao, Erik Gustafson, Rajinder Kaul, Brian Teague, Deborah A. Nickerson, David J. Saranga, David C. Schwartz, Francesca Antonacci, Troy Zerr, Will D. Gillett, Karen A. Phelps, and Jeffrey M. Kidd

Subjects
Genomic Structural Variation, Genomics, Locus (genetics), Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Article, DNA sequencing, Euchromatin, Structural variation, Humans, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Genome, Human, Racial Groups, Genetic Variation, Reproducibility of Results, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Physical Chromosome Mapping, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Chromosome Inversion, Human genome, Gene Deletion, Reference genome
Abstract

Genetic variation among individual humans occurs on many different scales, ranging from gross alterations in the human karyotype to single nucleotide changes. Here we explore variation on an intermediate scale--particularly insertions, deletions and inversions affecting from a few thousand to a few million base pairs. We employed a clone-based method to interrogate this intermediate structural variation in eight individuals of diverse geographic ancestry. Our analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the normal pattern of structural variation present in these genomes, refining the location of 1,695 structural variants. We find that 50% were seen in more than one individual and that nearly half lay outside regions of the genome previously described as structurally variant. We discover 525 new insertion sequences that are not present in the human reference genome and show that many of these are variable in copy number between individuals. Complete sequencing of 261 structural variants reveals considerable locus complexity and provides insights into the different mutational processes that have shaped the human genome. These data provide the first high-resolution sequence map of human structural variation--a standard for genotyping platforms and a prelude to future individual genome sequencing projects.

Published
2008
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3. The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3

Author

Zhengdong D. Zhang, Jun Wang, Zhu Chen, Will Gillett, George M. Weinstock, Guoping Zhao, LaRonda Jackson, Christopher K. Raymond, Manuel L. Gonzalez-Garay, Yang Zhou, Judith Hernandez, Boqin Qiang, James B. Clendenning, Zhijian J. Chen, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Andrew R. Jackson, Zhijian Yao, Yan Shen, R. Alan Harris, Ziad Khan, Margaret Morgan, Wei Dong, Sharon Wei, Dawn Garcia, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Maynard V. Olson, Ruben Rodriguez, Kerstin P. Clerc-Blankenburg, Ryan J. Lozado, Ralf Sudbrak, Jun Gu, Jing Kun Zhang, Heather R. Draper, Mary J. Brown, Channakhone Saenphimmachak, M. Ali Ansari-Lari, Songnian Hu, Preethi H. Gunaratne, Donna M. Muzny, Shiran Pasternak, Xing Zhi Song, Oliver Delgado, Bailin Hao, Lesette Perez, Charles Q. Adams, Michael L. Metzker, Anne Hodgson, Daniel Verduzco, Bao Viet Nguyen, Susan H. Kelly, Xin He, Jing Wang, Runsheng Chen, Karen A. Phelps, Rajinder Kaul, Guan Chen, Wei Huang, Huyen Dinh, Lenee Waldron, Paul Havlak, George Miner, Qiaoyan Wang, Ye Yuan, Rachel Gill, Anthony Palmeiri, Mathew W. Wright, Kim C. Worley, Michael Kube, Jing Liu, Clay Davis, Christian J. Buhay, Zhangwan Li, Jun Yu, Alicia Hawes, Jing Lu, Steffen Hennig, David L. Nelson, Rui Chen, Leni S. Jacob, Huanming Yang, Bin Liu, Steven E. Scherer, Christie Kovar-Smith, Jian Wang, Manjula Maheshwari, Gabrielle A. Williams, Paul E. Tabor, David A. Wheeler, Hans Lehrach, Graham R. Scott, Farah J.H. Plopper, Erica Sodergren, Wen Liu, Mulu Ayele, Richard Reinhardt, Richard A. Gibbs, Eric Haugen, Lora Lewis, Hua Shen, Gang Fu, Jianling Zhou, Xiuqing Zhang, Stephen Ernst, Geoffrey Okwuonu, Susan L. Naylor, Jennifer Hume, Ruth Levy, Andrew Cree, Yan Ding, David Steffen, Lynne V. Nazareth, Jireh Santibanez, Sandhya Subramanian, and Gane Ka-Shu Wong

Subjects
Inversion, Chromosome, Genome evolution, DNA, Complementary, Pan troglodytes, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Synteny, Genome, Evolution, Molecular, Chimpanzee genome project, Contig Mapping, Chromosome 19, Human Genome Project, Animals, Humans, Expressed Sequence Tags, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Chromosome Breakage, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genome project, Macaca mulatta, Chromosome Inversion, CpG Islands, Human genome, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3, Chromosome 21, Reference genome
Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 2006-Apr-27 After the completion of a draft human genome sequence, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium has proceeded to finish and annotate each of the 24 chromosomes comprising the human genome. Here we describe the sequencing and analysis of human chromosome 3, one of the largest human chromosomes. Chromosome 3 comprises just four contigs, one of which currently represents the longest unbroken stretch of finished DNA sequence known so far. The chromosome is remarkable in having the lowest rate of segmental duplication in the genome. It also includes a chemokine receptor gene cluster as well as numerous loci involved in multiple human cancers such as the gene encoding FHIT, which contains the most common constitutive fragile site in the genome, FRA3B. Using genomic sequence from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque, we were able to characterize the breakpoints defining a large pericentric inversion that occurred some time after the split of Homininae from Ponginae, and propose an evolutionary history of the inversion.

Published
2006
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4. The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7

Author

Robert Baertsch, Karen A. Phelps, Lisa Cook, Joelle Kalicki, Michelle O'Laughlin, Kerry L. Bubb, David Torrents, Kristine M. Wylie, Andrew Vanbrunt, Mark E. Schaller, Dan Layman, Kelsi Scott, LaDeana W. Hillier, Marco A. Marra, Caryn Wagner-McPherson, Cindy Strong, Phil Latreille, Hui Sun, Maynard V. Olson, Holland Bradshaw-Cordum, Amanda Abbott, Robert S. Fulton, Nicolas Berkowicz, Richard Harkins, Asif T. Chinwalla, Rajinder Kaul, William E. Nash, Chad Tomlinson, Susan M. Rock, Patricia Wohldmann, Paul Flicek, Elaine R. Mardis, Catrina Strowmatt, James M. Eldred, Betty Lamar, Christopher K. Raymond, Michael C. Wendl, Lauren Bielicki, Shawn Leonard, John Douglas Mcpherson, Christine Nguyen, Jennifer Murray, Michael C. Becker, Lucinda Fulton, Amber Isak, Will Gillett, Matt Cordes, James B. Clendenning, Kymberlie H. Pepin, Mandeep Sekhon, Eric Haugen, Feiyu Du, Theresa Rohlfing, Kimberly D. Delehaunty, Nancy Miller, Amy Kozlowicz-Reilly, Eric D. Green, W. James Kent, Tamberlyn Bieri, Peer Bork, Richard K. Wilson, Patrick Minx, John Spieth, Evan E. Eichler, Shawn Iadanoto, Terrence S. Furey, Matthew E. Portnoy, Shunfang Hou, R. James, Warren Gish, Brian Schultz, Doug Johnson, Philip Ozersky, Jennifer Edwards, Stephanie L. Chissoe, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Tracie L. Miner, Jason Maas, Andrea Holmes, Sandra W. Clifton, Sara Jaeger, Tina Graves, Ruth Levy, Joseph A. Bedell, Ginger A. Fewell, Mikita Suyama, Shiaw-Pyng Yang, Sean R. Eddy, Rebecca S. Walker, Aye-Mon Tin-Wollam, Hui Du, Evan Keibler, Matthew T. Hickenbotham, Sara Dauphin-Kohlberg, Robert H. Waterston, Yang Zhou, Stephanie Andrews, Johar Ali, John W. Wallis, Michael R. Brent, Rachel Maupin, Donald Williams, Elizabeth Simms, Laura Courtney, Anthony R. Harris, Jeffrey Woessner, and Joanne O. Nelson

Subjects
Williams Syndrome, Chromosome 7 (human), Genetics, RNA, Untranslated, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Sequence analysis, Pseudogene, Molecular Sequence Data, Proteins, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genome project, Biology, Physical Chromosome Mapping, Conserved sequence, Sequence-tagged site, Mice, Sequence logo, Species Specificity, Gene Duplication, Consensus sequence, Animals, Humans, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, Pseudogenes
Abstract

Human chromosome 7 has historically received prominent attention in the human genetics community, primarily related to the search for the cystic fibrosis gene and the frequent cytogenetic changes associated with various forms of cancer. Here we present more than 153 million base pairs representing 99.4% of the euchromatic sequence of chromosome 7, the first metacentric chromosome completed so far. The sequence has excellent concordance with previously established physical and genetic maps, and it exhibits an unusual amount of segmentally duplicated sequence (8.2%), with marked differences between the two arms. Our initial analyses have identified 1,150 protein-coding genes, 605 of which have been confirmed by complementary DNA sequences, and an additional 941 pseudogenes. Of genes confirmed by transcript sequences, some are polymorphic for mutations that disrupt the reading frame.

Published
2003
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5. Clone by clone by clone

Author

Maynard V. Olson

Subjects
Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Cloning (programming), Sequence analysis, Clone tool, Clone (cell biology), Human genome, Repetitive Regions, Biology, Genome, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract

The public project's sequencing strategy involved producing a map of the human genome, and then pinning sequence to it. This helps to avoid errors in the sequence, especially in repetitive regions.

Published
2001
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6. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen

Author

D. J. Kowalik, Stephen Lory, E. Tolentino, Z. Wu, Robert E. W. Hancock, Charles K. Stover, W. O. Hufnagle, Arnold Kas, Lagrou Mj, David H. Spencer, Ying Yuan, K. R. Folger, L. Goltry, A. L. Erwin, Kelly D. Smith, Maynard V. Olson, S. D. Mizoguchi, X. Q. Pham, K. Larbig, S. N. Coulter, Jonathan Reizer, Milton H. Saier, Ian T. Paulsen, R. L. Garber, Paul Warrener, L. L. Brody, S. Westbrock-Wadman, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Mark J. Hickey, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, and R. Lim

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Sequence analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Bacterial genome size, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Microbiology, Complete sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Species Specificity, medicine, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, Gene, Genome size, Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Computational Biology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is one of the top three causes of opportunistic human infections. A major factor in its prominence as a pathogen is its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Here we report the complete sequence of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. At 6.3 million base pairs, this is the largest bacterial genome sequenced, and the sequence provides insights into the basis of the versatility and intrinsic drug resistance of P. aeruginosa. Consistent with its larger genome size and environmental adaptability, P. aeruginosa contains the highest proportion of regulatory genes observed for a bacterial genome and a large number of genes involved in the catabolism, transport and efflux of organic compounds as well as four potential chemotaxis systems. We propose that the size and complexity of the P. aeruginosa genome reflect an evolutionary adaptation permitting it to thrive in diverse environments and resist the effects of a variety of antimicrobial substances.

Published
2000

7. Dr Watson's base pairs

Author

Maynard V. Olson

Subjects
Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Watson, Base pair, Genomics, Human genome, Biology, Genome, humanities, Genealogy, Human genetics, Personal genomics
Abstract

The application of new technology to sequence the genome of an individual yields few biological insights. Nonetheless, the feat heralds an era of 'personal genomics' based on cheap sequencing.

Published
2008
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8. Correction: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

Author

Paul Predki, John Sulston, William Morris, Sarah Wenning, Jun Gu, Danielle Thierry-Mieg, Roger A. Schultz, Michael J. Morgan, Michael Doyle, Joseph Szustakowki, Lorenzo Cerutti, A. Coulson, Alex Bateman, Patrick Wincker, Michael C. Zody, Mark T. Ross, Paul G. Richardson, Keri Devon, Yasushi Totoki, Karsten Hokamp, George M. Weinstock, John Howland, Arek Kaspryzk, James G. R. Gilbert, Cher Miranda, Aristides Patrinos, William Saurin, A. Pia Abola, Kazuhiko Kawasaki, John Bouck, Marvin Frazier, Wonhee Jang, Jan Fang Cheng, Stephanie L. Chissoe, Matthew C. Jones, Glen A. Evans, Huanming Yang, Daniel G. Brown, Richard Durbin, Jennifer Baldwin, Tracie L. Miner, Asif T. Chinwalla, Arian F.A. Smit, C M Clee, Elaine R. Mardis, Henning Hermjakob, Nicole Stange-Thomann, Maynard V. Olson, Jian Wang, Cyrus L. Harmon, Shiaw Pyng Yang, André Rosenthal, Catherine Robert, Masahira Hattori, Jane Peterson, Ratna Shownkeen, Maria Athanasiou, Christopher B. Burge, Erica Sodergren, Carrie Sougnez, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Hidemi Watanabe, Ronald W. Davis, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Mark Rosetti, Christopher J. Elkin, Todd M. Lowe, LaDeana W. Hillier, Jane Grimwood, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Richard R. Copley, Simon Kasif, Joseph J. Catanese, Keith Weinstock, Lee Rowen, Roel Funke, Paul Kitts, Lukas Wagner, Guy Slater, Anne S. Olsen, Edward Uberbacher, Lucinda Fulton, Andrew Dunham, Andrew Heaford, David Kulp, Elbert Branscomb, William Fitzhugh, Eugene V. Koonin, Leroy Hood, Anup Madan, Jean Thierry-Mieg, Richard Reinhardt, Kim C. Worley, Richard M. Myers, Dudley Wyman, Jean Weissenbach, David R. Bentley, Panos Deloukas, Philippe Brottier, H. Blöcker, Stephan Beck, Marc Rubenfield, Terrence S. Furey, Ken Dewar, Michael L. Metzker, Rajinder Kaul, Guyang Huang, Hsiu Chuan Chen, Ewan Birney, Warren Gish, John Douglas Mcpherson, Asao Fujiyama, Aoife McLysaght, Shinsei Minoshima, Sandra W. Clifton, Lisa Kann, R Ainscough, K. Hornischer, Simon G. Gregory, Lauren Linton, Kim D. Delehaunty, James C. Mullikin, Neilay Dedhia, Matthias Platzer, Gerald Nyakatura, John V. Moran, Andrew J. Mungall, Chiharu Kawagoe, François Artiguenave, Deanna M. Church, Elia Stupka, Jun Yu, Peer Bork, Evan E. Eichler, L. Aravind, James H. Gorrell, Bruce A. Roe, Raymond Wheeler, Norman A. Doggett, Douglas R. Smith, Yu Juin Chen, David Haussler, Todd D. Taylor, Stefan Taudien, Susan Lucas, Rebecca Deadman, Hans Lehrach, Hiroaki Shizuya, Doron Lancet, Greg Schuler, Nigel P. Carter, John Burton, Huaqin Pan, Eric S. Lander, Andreas Rump, Nikola Stojanovic, Victor J. Pollara, Alan Williams, Melissa De La Bastide, W. James Kent, Mark S. Guyer, Nicola Mulder, Sarah Milne, Bruce W. Birren, John W. Wallis, Joann Dubois, Tom Slezak, Lisa Cook, Raju Kucherlapati, Andrew Delehaunty, Lucy Matthews, Ian Dunham, L. Steven Johnson, Robert H. Waterston, Andrew Sheridan, Jörg Schultz, Nancy A. Federspiel, Jason B. Kramer, Tim Hubbard, Ru Fang Yeh, Steven E. Scherer, Francis S. Collins, David L. Nelson, Sean Humphray, Tobias Doerks, Chad Nusbaum, Darren Grafham, Mei Lee Hong, Michael Proctor, Christopher K. Raymond, Diane Gage, Kris A. Wetterstrand, Feng Chen, Simon Mercer, Thomas A. Jones, Trevor Hawkins, Aravind Subramanian, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Amanda McMurray, Serafim Batzoglou, Jeremy Schmutz, Jill P. Mesirov, Shizen Qin, Rosie Levine, Adam Felsenfeld, Thomas Brüls, Kevin McKernan, Michele E. Clamp, Christine Lloyd, Susan L. Naylor, Gabriele Nordsiek, Jessica A. Lehoczky, Adrienne Hunt, Marco A. Marra, David R. Cox, Mark Dickson, Michael C. Wendl, Yuri I. Wolf, Jane Rogers, Ian F Korf, Eric Pelletier, Takehiko Itoh, Juliane Ramser, Robert S. Fulton, Sarah Sims, Richard A. Gibbs, Lisa French, Katrina Harris, Richa Agarwala, Christina Raymond, James Meldrim, Sangdun Choi, Richard K. Wilson, Patrick Minx, Douglas L. Johnson, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Scot Kennedy, Pieter J. de Jong, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, W. Richard McCombie, Sean R. Eddy, Donna M. Muzny, Jerome Naylor, Paul A. McEwan, Atsushi Toyoda, Tetsushi Yada, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Robert W. Plumb, Catherine M. Rives, Chris P. Ponting, Ralph Santos, Kenneth H. Wolfe, Kymberlie H. Pepin, Roland Heilig, and James E. Galagan

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Correction, Human genome, Computational biology, Biology
Published
2001
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9. Erratum: The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome

Author

Mingwei Wang, Desheng Li, Carolin Kosiol, Xiao Sun, Na An, Yang Zheng, Min Jian, Qingle Cai, Yan Huang, Chang Yu, Chen Ye, Peixiang Ni, Juanbin Zhang, Timing Gong, Yiran Guo, Guo-Dong Wang, Zuhong Lu, Guojie Zhang, Lars Bolund, Yongyong Shi, Songgang Li, Gao Shan, Frederick C. Leung, Yajun Wang, Geng Tian, Jun Wang, Xiaoli Ren, Wenhui Nie, Zhiqiang Li, Karsten Kristiansen, Yinqi Bai, Feng Tian, Jing Tian, Tomas Vinar, Tak-Wah Lam, Rasmus Nielsen, Wanjun Gu, Qinghui Zhang, Xiao Liu, Michael William Bruford, Quanfei Huang, Hancheng Zheng, Fujun Shen, Bo Li, Zhi Jiang, Xia Wang, Jianwen Li, Xiaodong Fang, Jun Li, Guohua Yang, Hongde Liu, Qing Liu, Ning Qu, Li Li, Shifeng Cheng, Shancen Zhao, Rong Hou, Heng Li, Jing Cai, Fuwen Wei, Zhu Hongmei, Lin Fang, Ming Wen, Huiqing Liang, Huisong Zheng, Yingrui Li, Jingxiang Li, Jing Zhao, Nan Qin, Junyi Wang, Jinhuan Wang, Binghang Liu, Huanming Yang, Runmao Lin, Maynard V. Olson, Xiaosen Guo, Xiaoling Wang, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Hao Zhang, Zhaolei Zhang, Zhongbin Shi, Dejin Zhang, Cynthia C. Steiner, Jiumeng Min, Ruiqiang Li, Siyuan Lin, Kathleen Cook, Jue Ruan, Lizhi Xu, Yujie Hu, Xiuqing Zhang, Bo Wang, Siu-Ming Yiu, Wei Fan, Lin He, Guoqing Li, Zhihe Zhang, Yan Zhou, Anlong Xu, Zhigang Wu, Zhaoling Xuan, Dong Dong, Dawei Li, Zhentao Yang, Lijia Ma, Haiyin Wang, Xueying Xie, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Hemin Zhang, Ya-Ping Zhang, Wubin Qian, Bo Mu, Oliver A. Ryder, Qi Wu, Qibin Li, Wen Wang, Yonggui Fu, Yuanyuan Ren, Jianjun Cao, Jian Wang, Yanling Chen, Shiping Liu, and Wenbo Hu

Subjects
Genetics, Multidisciplinary, biology, Species name, biology.animal, Correct name, Ailuropoda, Sequence assembly, biology.organism_classification, Genome, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract

Nature 463, 311–317 (2010) In this Article, the Latin species name of the giant panda was written incorrectly as Ailuropoda melanoleura. The correct name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Published
2010
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10. Only one of two closely related yeast suppressor tRNA genes contains an intervening sequence

Author

Maynard V. Olson, Guy S. Page, A. Sentenac, Robert B. Weiss, Benjamin D. Hall, P. W. Piper, and M. Worthington

Subjects
Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Base pair, Intervening Sequence, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, DNA Restriction Enzymes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biology, ENCODE, Yeast, law.invention, Suppression, Genetic, RNA, Transfer, law, Mutation, Transfer RNA, Coding region, Suppressor, Cloning, Molecular, Gene
Abstract

The yeast genes that code for the serine-inserting SUP-RL1 amber and SUQ5 ochre suppressors have been cloned and sequenced. These two unlinked genes differ by only three base pairs in their coding regions yet they encode tRNAs of different translational specificities, and while the SUP-RL1 gene has a 19-base pair intervening sequence, the SUQ5 gene has none.

Published
1981
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11. Molecular characterisation of the tyrosine tRNA genes of yeast

Author

Anita K. Hopper, Guy S. Page, Maynard V. Olson, Benjamin D. Hall, Donna L. Montgomery, and Frank M. Horodyski

Subjects
Genetics, Multidisciplinary, biology, EcoRI, Nucleic acid sequence, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Translation (biology), DNA, DNA Restriction Enzymes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yeast, Molecular Weight, chemistry.chemical_compound, Suppression, Genetic, Biochemistry, chemistry, Genes, RNA, Transfer, Transfer RNA, biology.protein, Tyrosine, Gene
Abstract

MANY of the tRNA genes of yeast are observable genetically as nonsense suppressors1. In particular, the set of unlinked suppressor loci SUP2 to SUP8 and SUP11 have been shown to insert tyrosine at nonsense codons in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c2,3. Direct biochemical evidence for the presence of suppressor tRNA in yeast strains bearing these suppressor genes has been obtained using in vitro translation systems4,5 and by the demonstration that a new minor tyrosine tRNA species with a suppressor anti-codon appears in a SUP5 strain6. Although these findings suggest that there are eight different loci in yeast which code for tRNAtyr, only a single nucleotide sequence has been observed for tyrosine tRNA in wild-type yeast strains7. Thus it seems that all eight genes may share a common base sequence, at least in their structural regions. Because the yeast tRNAtyr SUP genes occupy known positions on the genetic map8 and are complementary to a well characterised RNA molecule they are attractive candidates for molecular analysis. As a first step, we have labelled yeast tRNAtyr with 125I and have hybridised this probe to electrophoretically fractionated Eco RI fragments of yeast DNA; eight Eco RI fragments of different sizes hybridise to tRNAt yr.

Published
1977

12. Transcription and processing of cloned yeast tyrosine tRNA genes microinjected into frog oocytes

Author

Eddy M. De Robertis and Maynard V. Olson

Subjects
Transcription, Genetic, Xenopus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA, Recombinant, Biology, Primary transcript, Ribonucleases, RNA, Transfer, Transcription (biology), Animals, Tyrosine, Gene, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, RNA, Nucleic Acid Precursors, RNA Ligase (ATP), DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Genes, RNA splicing, Oocytes, Female, Plasmids
Abstract

Xenopus oocytes transcribe cloned yeast tyrosine tRNA genes and process the RNA. The processing includes base modifications, addition of the CCA end, and splicing of the intervening sequence. The primary transcript has a 5' leader extension which varies considerably in seuqence and in length between different tRNATyr loci, but is nevertheless present in all of them.

Published
1979

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