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1. No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

Author

Korablev, Oleg, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, François, and Lefèvre, Franck

Subjects
Methane -- Observations, Mars (Planet) -- Discovery and exploration, Mars probes -- Usage, Gas analyzers -- Usage, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or biotic activities could persist on Mars today.sup.1. A number of different measurements of methane show evidence of transient, locally elevated methane concentrations and seasonal variations in background methane concentrations.sup.2-5. These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Martian atmosphere.sup.6,7, which--given methane's lifetime of several centuries--predicts an even, well mixed distribution of methane.sup.1,6,8. Here we report highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars in an attempt to detect methane, using the ACS and NOMAD instruments onboard the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter from April to August 2018. We did not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, obtaining an upper limit for methane of about 0.05 parts per billion by volume, which is 10 to 100 times lower than previously reported positive detections.sup.2,4. We suggest that reconciliation between the present findings and the background methane concentrations found in the Gale crater.sup.4 would require an unknown process that can rapidly remove or sequester methane from the lower atmosphere before it spreads globally. Highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter do not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, in contrast to previous local or remote detections., Author(s): Oleg Korablev [sup.1] , Ann Carine Vandaele [sup.2] , Franck Montmessin [sup.3] , Anna A. Fedorova [sup.1] , Alexander Trokhimovskiy [sup.1] , François Forget [sup.4] , Franck Lefèvre [sup.3] [...]

Published
2019
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2. Author Correction: In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R, Mimoun, D., Wiens, R., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, Franck, Lanza, N, Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S, Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, Jérémie, Maki, J., Mcclean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C., Rodríguez Manfredi, J., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de La Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K., Farley, K., Williford, K., Acosta-Maeda, T., Anderson, R., Applin, D., Arana, G., Bassas-Portus, M., Beal, R., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Bernardi, P., Bosak, T., Bousquet, B., Brown, A., Cadu, A., Caïs, P., Castro, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S, Cloutis, E., Connell, S., Debus, A., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., Donny, C., Dorresoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gabriel, T., Gibbons, E., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J., Kalucha, H., Kelly, E., Knutsen, Elise Wright, Lacombe, Gaetan, Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorigny, E., Madariaga, J., Madsen, M., Madsen, S., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Mann, M., Manrique, J.-A., Martinez-Frias, J., Mayhew, L., Mcconnochie, T., Mclennan, S., Melikechi, N., Meunier, F., Montagnac, G., Mousset, V., Nelson, T., Newell, R, Parot, Y., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rapin, W., Reyes-Newell, A., Robinson, S., Rochas, L., Royer, C., Rull, F., Sautter, V., Sharma, S., Shridar, V., Sournac, A., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Turenne, N., Udry, A., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Vogt, D., Willis, P., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - 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CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Aeolis Corporation, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Winnipeg, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université de Lyon, GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Physics and Applied Physics [Lowell], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), and NASA’s Mars Exploration ProgramCNES

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Carbon dioxide, Modélisation, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Atmospheric Turbulence, Atmospheric Sound, Microphone, Mars, Attenuation, CO2, Perseverance, Acoustic Environment
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

3. Heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere of Mars

Author

Lefevre, Franck, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Clancy, R. Todd, Encrenaz, Therese, Fast, Kelly, Forget, Francois, Lebonnois, Sebastien, Montmessin, Franck, and Perrier, Severine

Subjects
Chemical processes -- Research -- Chemical properties, Atmosphere -- Research -- Chemical properties, Earth -- Atmosphere -- Research -- Chemical properties, Mars (Planet) -- Research -- Chemical properties, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Chemical properties, Research
Abstract

Hydrogen radicals are produced in the martian atmosphere by the photolysis of water vapour and subsequently initiate catalytic cycles that recycle carbon dioxide from its photolysis product carbon monoxide (1,2). [...]

Published
2008

4. Recent ice-rich deposits formed at high latitudes on Mars by sublimation of unstable equatorial ice during low obliquity

Author

Levrard, Benjamin, Forget, Francois, Montmessin, Franck, and Laskar, Jacques

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Benjamin Levrard (corresponding author) [1, 4]; François Forget [2]; Franck Montmessin [3]; Jacques Laskar [1] Observations from the gamma-ray spectrometer instrument suite on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft have been [...]

Published
2004
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5. Publisher Correction: No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

Author

Korablev, Oleg, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, François, and Lefèvre, Franck

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The surname of author Cathy Quantin-Nataf was misspelled 'Quantin-Nata', authors Ehouarn Millour and Roland Young were missing from the ACS and NOMAD Science Teams list, and minor changes have been made to the author and affiliation lists; see accompanying Amendment. These errors have been corrected online., Author(s): Oleg Korablev [sup.1] , Ann Carine Vandaele [sup.2] , Franck Montmessin [sup.3] , Anna A. Fedorova [sup.1] , Alexander Trokhimovskiy [sup.1] , François Forget [sup.4] , Franck Lefèvre [sup.3] [...]

Published
2019
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6. Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Altieri, Francesca, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael D., Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna A., Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin S., and Baggio, Lucio

Abstract

Global dust storms on Mars are rare1,2 but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere3, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust3. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars4. Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes5,6, as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes7,8. Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H2O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H2O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals3. The observed changes in H2O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere. High-resolution measurements of Martian atmospheric dust, water and semiheavy water, obtained by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter during a global dust storm on Mars, are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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7. Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Altieri, Francesca, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael D., Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna A., Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Betsis, Daria, Bolsée, David, Clancy, R. Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Depiesse, Cédric, Funke, Bernd, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ivanov, Yuriy S., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López-Puertas, Manuel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Maslov, Igor, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Michael J., Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Patrakeev, Andrey, Patsaev, Dmitry, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Séverine, Schmidt, Frédéric, Shakun, Alexey, Teanby, Nicholas A., Viscardy, Sébastien, Willame, Yannick, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish R., López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Forget, François, Wilson, Colin F., Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., and Rodionov, Daniel

Abstract

Global dust storms on Mars are rare1,2but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere3, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust3. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars4. Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes5,6, as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes7,8. Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H2O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H2O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals3. The observed changes in H2O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere.

Published
2019
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8. Publisher Correction: Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian, Altieri, Francesca, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael, Erwin, Justin, Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna, Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis, Ignatiev, Nikolay, Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin, Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Betsis, Daria, Bolsée, David, Clancy, R., Cloutis, Edward, Depiesse, Cédric, Funke, Bernd, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grigoriev, Alexey, Ivanov, Yuriy, Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López-Puertas, Manuel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Maslov, Igor, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Michael, Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Patrakeev, Andrey, Patsaev, Dmitry, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Séverine, Schmidt, Frédéric, Shakun, Alexey, Teanby, Nicholas, Viscardy, Sébastien, Willame, Yannick, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish, López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Forget, François, Wilson, Colin, Young, Roland, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge, and Rodionov, Daniel

Abstract

The surname of author Cathy Quantin-Nataf was misspelled ‘Quantin-Nata’ , authors Ehouarn Millour and Roland Young were missing from the ACS Science Team list, and minor changes have been made to the author and affiliation lists; see accompanying Amendment. These errors have been corrected online.

Published
2019
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9. Publisher Correction: Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H 2 O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.

Author

Vandaele AC, Korablev O, Daerden F, Aoki S, Thomas IR, Altieri F, López-Valverde M, Villanueva G, Liuzzi G, Smith MD, Erwin JT, Trompet L, Fedorova AA, Montmessin F, Trokhimovskiy A, Belyaev DA, Ignatiev NI, Luginin M, Olsen KS, Baggio L, Alday J, Bertaux JL, Betsis D, Bolsée D, Clancy RT, Cloutis E, Depiesse C, Funke B, Garcia-Comas M, Gérard JC, Giuranna M, Gonzalez-Galindo F, Grigoriev AV, Ivanov YS, Kaminski J, Karatekin O, Lefèvre F, Lewis S, López-Puertas M, Mahieux A, Maslov I, Mason J, Mumma MJ, Neary L, Neefs E, Patrakeev A, Patsaev D, Ristic B, Robert S, Schmidt F, Shakun A, Teanby NA, Viscardy S, Willame Y, Whiteway J, Wilquet V, Wolff MJ, Bellucci G, Patel MR, López-Moreno JJ, Forget F, Wilson CF, Young R, Svedhem H, Vago JL, and Rodionov D

Abstract

The surname of author Cathy Quantin-Nataf was misspelled 'Quantin-Nata' , authors Ehouarn Millour and Roland Young were missing from the ACS Science Team list, and minor changes have been made to the author and affiliation lists; see accompanying Amendment. These errors have been corrected online.

Published
2019
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10. Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H 2 O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.

Author

Vandaele AC, Korablev O, Daerden F, Aoki S, Thomas IR, Altieri F, López-Valverde M, Villanueva G, Liuzzi G, Smith MD, Erwin JT, Trompet L, Fedorova AA, Montmessin F, Trokhimovskiy A, Belyaev DA, Ignatiev NI, Luginin M, Olsen KS, Baggio L, Alday J, Bertaux JL, Betsis D, Bolsée D, Clancy RT, Cloutis E, Depiesse C, Funke B, Garcia-Comas M, Gérard JC, Giuranna M, Gonzalez-Galindo F, Grigoriev AV, Ivanov YS, Kaminski J, Karatekin O, Lefèvre F, Lewis S, López-Puertas M, Mahieux A, Maslov I, Mason J, Mumma MJ, Neary L, Neefs E, Patrakeev A, Patsaev D, Ristic B, Robert S, Schmidt F, Shakun A, Teanby NA, Viscardy S, Willame Y, Whiteway J, Wilquet V, Wolff MJ, Bellucci G, Patel MR, López-Moreno JJ, Forget F, Wilson CF, Svedhem H, Vago JL, and Rodionov D

Abstract

Global dust storms on Mars are rare 1,2 but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere 3 , primarily owing to solar heating of the dust 3 . In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars 4 . Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes 5,6 , as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes 7,8 . Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H 2 O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H 2 O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals 3 . The observed changes in H 2 O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere.

Published
2019
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