1. A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals
- Author
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Kerstin, Lindblad-Toh, Manuel, Garber, Or, Zuk, Michael F, Lin, Brian J, Parker, Stefan, Washietl, Pouya, Kheradpour, Jason, Ernst, Gregory, Jordan, Evan, Mauceli, Lucas D, Ward, Craig B, Lowe, Alisha K, Holloway, Michele, Clamp, Sante, Gnerre, Jessica, Alföldi, Kathryn, Beal, Jean, Chang, Hiram, Clawson, James, Cuff, Federica, Di Palma, Stephen, Fitzgerald, Paul, Flicek, Mitchell, Guttman, Melissa J, Hubisz, David B, Jaffe, Irwin, Jungreis, W James, Kent, Dennis, Kostka, Marcia, Lara, Andre L, Martins, Tim, Massingham, Ida, Moltke, Brian J, Raney, Matthew D, Rasmussen, Jim, Robinson, Alexander, Stark, Albert J, Vilella, Jiayu, Wen, Xiaohui, Xie, Michael C, Zody, Jen, Baldwin, Toby, Bloom, Chee Whye, Chin, Dave, Heiman, Robert, Nicol, Chad, Nusbaum, Sarah, Young, Jane, Wilkinson, Kim C, Worley, Christie L, Kovar, Donna M, Muzny, Richard A, Gibbs, Andrew, Cree, Huyen H, Dihn, Gerald, Fowler, Shalili, Jhangiani, Vandita, Joshi, Sandra, Lee, Lora R, Lewis, Lynne V, Nazareth, Geoffrey, Okwuonu, Jireh, Santibanez, Wesley C, Warren, Elaine R, Mardis, George M, Weinstock, Richard K, Wilson, Kim, Delehaunty, David, Dooling, Catrina, Fronik, Lucinda, Fulton, Bob, Fulton, Tina, Graves, Patrick, Minx, Erica, Sodergren, Ewan, Birney, Elliott H, Margulies, Javier, Herrero, Eric D, Green, David, Haussler, Adam, Siepel, Nick, Goldman, Katherine S, Pollard, Jakob S, Pedersen, Eric S, Lander, Manolis, Kellis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kellis, Manolis, Mag Washietl, Stefan, Kheradpour, Pouya, Ernst, Jason, Ward, Lucas D., Jungreis, Irwin, and Rasmussen, Matthew D.
- Subjects
Genome evolution ,Genomics ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Human accelerated regions ,Genome ,Article ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Coding region ,Disease ,Selection, Genetic ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Mammals ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Genome, Human ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Exons ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,3. Good health ,Health ,RNA ,Human genome ,Mobile genetic elements ,Sequence Alignment ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ~4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ~60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease., National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Grant number GM82901), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Postdoctural Fellowship (Award 0905968), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Career (0644282), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01-HG004037), Alfred P. Sloan Foundation., Austrian Science Fund. Erwin Schrodinger Fellowship
- Published
- 2011
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